The Transactivating Domain of the c-Jun Proto-Oncoprotein Is Required for Cotransformation of Rat Embryo Cells

REFERENCES

• Abate, C., D. Luk, and T. Curran. 1991. Transcriptional regulation by Fos and Jun in vitro: interactions among multiple activator and regulatory domains. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3624-3632.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Angel, P., E. A. Allegretto, S. T. Okino, K. Hattori, W. J. Boyle, T. Hunter, and M. Karin. 1988. Oncogene jun encodes a sequence-specific trans-activator similar to AP-1. Nature (London) 332:166-171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel, P., I. Bauman, Β. Stein, Η. Delius, Η. J. Rahmsdorf, and P. Herrlich. 1987. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induction of the human collagenase gene is mediated by an inducible enhancer element located in the 5′ flanking region. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2256-2266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel, P., K. Hattori, T. Smeal, and M. Karin. 1988. The jun protooncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/ AP-1. Cell 55:875-885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel, P., M. Imagawa, R. Chiu, Β. Stein, R. J. Imbra, H. J. Rahmsdorf, C. Jonat, P. Herrlich, and M. Karin. 1987b. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell 49:729-739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel, P., T. Smeal, J. Meek, and M. Karin. 1989. Jun and v-Jun contain multiple regions that participate in transcriptional activation in an interdependent manner. New Biol. 1:35-43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baichwal, V. R., and R. Tjian. 1990. Control of c-Jun activity by interaction of a cell-specific inhibitor with regulatory domain: differences between v- and c-Jun. Cell 63:815-825.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benetruy, B., T. Smeal, and M. Karin. 1991. Ha-ras augments c-jun activity and stimulates phosphorylation of its activation domain. Nature (London) 351:122-127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernstein, L., and N. Colburn. 1989. AP-1/jun function is differentially induced in promotion-sensitive and resistant JB6 cells. Science 244:566-569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birrer, M., S. Segal, J. S. Degreve, F. Kaye, E. A. Sausville, and J. Minna. 1988. L-myc cooperates with ras to transform primary rat embryo fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2668-2673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohmann, D., T. J. Bos, T. Nishimura, P. K. Vogt, and R. Tjian. 1987. Human proto-oncogene c-jun encodes a DNA binding protein with structural and functional properties of transcriptional factor AP-1. Science 238:1386-1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohmann, D., and R. Tjian. 1989. Biochemical analysis of transcriptional activation by Jun: differential activity of c- and v-jun. Cell 59:709-717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, T. J., F. S. Monteclaro, F. Mitsunobu, A. R. Ball, Jr., C. H. W. Chang, T. Nishimura, and P. K. Vogt. 1990. Efficient transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts by c-jun requires structural modification in coding and noncoding sequences. Genes Dev. 4:1677-1687.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castellazzi, M., J. P. Dangy, F. Mechta, S. I. Hirai, M. Yaniv, S. Samaraf, A. Lassailly, and G. Brun. 1990. Overexpression of avian or mouse c-jun in primary chick embryo fibroblasts confers a partially transformed phenotype. Oncogene 5:1541-1547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiu, R., P. Angel, and M. Karin. 1989. Jun-B differs in its biological properties from, and is a negative regulator of, c-jun. Cell 59:979-986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, R., W. J. Boyle, J. Meek, T. Smeal, T. Hunter, and M. Karin. 1988. The c-Fos protein interacts with c-jun/AP-1 to stimulate transcription of AP-1 responsive genes. Cell 54:541-552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, D., and T. Curran. 1988. fra-1: a serum-inducible, cellular immediate-early gene that encodes a Fos-related antigen. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2063-2069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, D., P. Ferreira, R. Gentz, B. Franza, Jr., and T. Curran. 1989. The product of a fos-related gene, fra-1, binds cooperatively to the AP-1 site with Jun: transcription factor AP-1 is comprised of multiple protein complexes. Genes Dev. 3:173-184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culotta, V. C., T. Hsu, S. Hu, P. Furst, and D. Hamer. 1989. Copper and the ACE1 regulatory protein reversibly induce yeast metallothionein gene transcription in a mouse extract. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8377-8381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Damm, K., S. Thompson, and R. Evans. 1989. Protein encoded by v-erbA functions as a thyroid-hormone receptor antagonist. Nature (London) 339:593-597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Greve, J., J. Battey, J. Fedorko, M. Birrer, G. Evan, F. Kaye, E. Sausville, and J. Minna. 1988. The human L-myc gene encodes multiple nuclear phosphoproteins from alternatively processed mRNAs. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4381-4388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dotto, G. P., L. F. Parada, and R. A. Weinberg. 1985. Specific growth response of ras-transformed embryo fibroblasts to tumour promoters. Nature 318:472-475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franza, B., F. Rauscher III, S. Josephs, and T. Curran. 1988. The Fos complex and Fos-related antigens recognize sequence elements that contain AP-1 binding sites. Science 239:1150-1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentz, R., F. Rauscher III, C. Abate, and T. Curran. 1989. Parallel association of Fos and Jun leucine zippers juxataposes DNA binding domains. Science 243:1695-1699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman, C. M., L. F. Moffat, and Β. Η. Howard. 1982. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1044-1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halazonetis, T., K. Georgopoulos, M. Greenberg, and P. Leder. 1988. c-jun dimerizes with itself and c-Fos, forming complexes of different DNA binding affinities. Cell 55:917-924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori, K., P. Angel, M. Lebeau, and M. Karin. 1988. Structural and chromosomal localization of the functional intronless human JUN protooncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:9148-9152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirai, S.-L., B. Bourachot, and M. Yaniv. 1990. Both Jun and Fos contribute to transcription activation by the heterodimer. Oncogene 5:39-46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsiao, W. L., S. Gattoni-Celli, and I. B. Weinstein. 1984. Oncogene-induced transformation of C3H 10T1/2 cells is enhanced by tumor promoters. Science 226:552-555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imbra, R. J., and M. Karin. 1986. Phorbol ester induces the transcriptional stimulatory activity of the SV40 enhancer. Nature (London) 331:480-483.
   Google Scholar
• Imbra, R. J., and M. Karin. 1987. Metallothionein gene expression is regulated by serum factors and activators of protein kinase C. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1358-1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, M. 1990. The AP-1 complex and its role in transcriptional control by protein kinase C, p. 143-161. In P. Cohen and G. Foulkes (ed.), Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol. 6. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Karin, M., and P. Herrlich. 1989. Cis- and trans-acting genetic elements responsible for induction of specific genes by tumor promoters, serum factors and stress, p. 413-440. In Ν. Η. Colburn (ed.), Genes and signal transduction in multistage carcinogenesis. Marcel Dekker, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, L. D., J. T. Holt, and L. M. Matrisian. 1988. Growth factors regulate transin gene expression by c-fos dependent and c-fos independent pathways. Science 242:1424-1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landschulz, W., P. Johnson, and S. McKnight. 1988. The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science 240:1759-1764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, W., P. Mitchell, and R. Tjian. 1987. Purified transcriptional factor AP-1 interacts with TPA-inducible enhancer elements. Cell 49:741-752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillie, J., M. Green, and M. Green. 1986. An adenovirus E1a protein region required for transformation and transcriptional repression. Cell 46:1043-1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillie, J., P. Loewenstein, M. R. Green, and M. Green. 1987. Functional domains of adenovirus type 5 E1a proteins. Cell 50:1091-1100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lobel, L., and S. Goff. 1985. Reverse transcription of retroviral genomes: mutations in the terminal repeat sequences. J. Virol. 53:447-455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki, Y., T. Bos, C. Davis, M. Starbuck, and P. Vogt. 1987. Avian sarcoma virus 17 carries the jun oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:2848-2852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea, E., R. Rutkowski, W. Stafford III, and P. Kim. 1989. Preferential heterodimer formation by isolated leucine zippers from fos and jun. Science 245:646-648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranscher, F., III, D. R. Cohen, T. Curran, T. J. Bos, P. K. Vogt, D. Bohmann, R. Tjian, and B. R. Franza, Jr. 1988. Fos-associated protein p39 is the product of the jun proto-oncogene. Science 240:1010-1016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rauscher, F., ΙII, P. Voulalas, B. Franza, Jr., and T. Curran. 1988. Fos and Jun bind cooperatively to the AP-1 site: reconstitution in vitro. Genes Dev. 2:1687-1699.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryder, K., L. Lau, and D. Nathans. 1988. A gene activated by growth factors is related to the oncogene v-jun. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:1487-1491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryseck, R., S. Hirai, M. Yaniv, and R. Bravo. 1988. Transcriptional activation of c-jun during the G0/G1 transition in mouse fibroblasts. Nature (London) 334:535-537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiki, R. K., D. N. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S. J. Scharf, R. Higuchi, G. T. Horn, K. B. Mullis, and H. A. Erlich. 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 230:1350-1354.
   Google Scholar
• Sassone-Corsi, P., W. Lamph, M. Kamps, and I. Verma. 1988. fos-associated cellular p39 is related to nuclear transcription factor AP-1. Cell 54:553-556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuermann, M., M. Neuberg, J. B. Hunter, T. Jenuwein, R. P. Ryseck, R. Bravo, and R. Muller. 1989. The leucine repeat motif in Fos protein mediates complex formation with Jun/AP-1 and is required for transformation. Cell 56:507-516.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schutte, J., J. Minna, and M. Birrer. 1989. Deregulated expression of human c-jun transforms primary rat embryo cells in cooperation with an activated c-Ha-ras gene and transforms rat-1a as a single gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2257-2261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeal, T. S., P. Angel, J. Meek, and M. Karin. 1989. Different requirements for formation of Jun:Jun and Jun:Fos complexes. Genes Dev. 3:2091-2100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strani, Κ. 1988. The JUN oncoprotein, a vertebrate transcription factor, activates transcription in yeast. Nature (London) 332:649-650.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner, R., and R. Tjian. 1989. Leucine repeats and an adjacent DNA binding domain mediate the formation of functional cFos-cJun heterodimers. Science 243:1689-1694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt, P. K. (University of California). 1991. Personal communication.
   Google Scholar
• Vogt, P. K., and T. J. Bos. 1990. Jun: oncogene and transcription factor. Adv. Cancer Res. 55:1-35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar