1
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Transcriptional Regulation

Synergistic Activation of a Human Promoter In Vivo by Transcription Factor Sp1

&
Pages 1935-1943 | Received 13 Aug 1990, Accepted 03 Jan 1991, Published online: 31 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Boyce, F., G. M. Anderson, C. Rusk, and S. Freytag. 1986. Human argininosuccinate synthetase minigenes are subject to arginine-mediated repression but to trans induction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1244–1252.
  • Briggs, M., J. Kadonaga, S. Beil, and R. Tjian. 1986. Purification and biochemical characterization of the promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1. Science 234:47–52.
  • Carey, M., Y.-S. Lin, M. Green, and M. Ptashne. 1990. A mechanism for synergistic activation of a mammalian gene by GAL4 derivatives. Nature (London) 345:361–364.
  • Collins, F., C. Boehm, P. Waber, C. Stoeckert, S. Weissman, B. Forget, and H. Kazazian. 1984. Concordance of a point mutation 5′ to the Ggamma globin gene with Ggamma beta+ hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin in the black population. Blood 64:1292–1296.
  • Collins, F., C. Stoeckert, G. Sergeant, B. Forget, and S. Weissman. 1984. GGamma beta+ hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin: cosmid cloning and identification of a specific mutation 5′ to the Ggamma gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 81:4894–4898.
  • Courey, A., D. Holtzman, S. Jackson, and R. Tjian. 1989. Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1. Cell 59:827–836.
  • Courey, A., and R. Tjian. 1988. Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals multiple transcriptional domains, including a novel glutamine- rich activation motif. Cell 55:887–898.
  • Crothers, D. 1987. Gel electrophoresis of protein-DNA complexes. Nature (London) 325:464–465.
  • Dignam, J., R. Lebovitz, and R. Roeder. 1983. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 5:1475–1489.
  • Dynan, W., S. Sazer, R. Tjian, and R. Schimke. 1986. Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes a DNA sequence in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Nature (London) 337:573–576.
  • Dynan, W., and R. Tjian. 1983. The promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1 binds to upstream sequences in the SV40 early promoter. Cell 35:79–87.
  • Gidoni, D., W. Dynan, and R. Tjian. 1984. Multiple specific contacts between a mammalian transcription factor and its cognate promoters. Nature (London) 312:409–413.
  • Gidoni, D., J. Kadonaga, H. Barrera-Saldana, K. Takahashi, P. Chambon, and R. Tjian. 1985. Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions. Science 230:511–517.
  • Gilman, J. N. Mishima, X. Wen, F. Kutlar, and T. Huisman. 1988. Upstream mutations associated with a modest elevation of fetal hemoglobin expression in human adults. Blood 72:78–81.
  • Giniger, E., and M. Ptashne. 1988. Cooperative DNA binding of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:382–386.
  • Gorman, C., L. Moffat, and B. Howard. 1982. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1044–1051.
  • Harrich, D., J. Garcia, F. Wu, R. Mitsuyasu, J. Gonzalez, and R. Gaynor. 1989. Role of Sp1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat. J. Virol. 63:2585–2591.
  • Ishii, S., R. Kadonaga, J. Brady, G. Merlino, and I. Pastan. 1986. Binding of the Sp1 transcription factor by the human Harvey ras 1 proto-oncogene promoter. Science 232:1410–1413.
  • Jones, K., J. Kadonaga, P. Luciw, and R. Tjian. Activation of the AIDS retrovirus promoter by the cellular transcription factor Sp1. Science 232:755–759.
  • Kadonaga, J., K. Jones, and R. Tjian. 1986. Promoter-specific activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by Sp1. Trends Biochem. Sci. 11:20–23.
  • Kagemaya, K., and I. Pastan. 1989. Molecular cloning and characterization of a human DNA binding factor that represses transcription. Cell 59:815–825.
  • Karin, M., A. Haslinger, H. Holtgreve, R. Richards, P. Krauter, H. Westphal, and M. Beato. 1984. Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene. Nature (London) 308:513–519.
  • Kim, C., C. Heath, A. Bertuch, and U. Hansen. 1987. Specific stimulation of a simian virus 40 late transcription in vitro by a cellular factor binding the simian virus 40 21-base-pair repeat promoter element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6025–6029.
  • Kunkel, T. 1985. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:488–492.
  • Lee, W., A. Haslinger, M. Karin, and R. Tjian. 1987. Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV40. Nature (London) 325:369–372.
  • Lin, Young-Sun, M. Carey, M. Ptashne, and M. Green. 1990. How different eucaryotic transcriptional activators can cooperate promiscuously. Nature (London) 345:359–360.
  • Maniatis, T., E. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
  • McKnight, S., and R. Tjian. 1986. Transcriptional selectivity of viral genes in mammalian cells. Cell 46:795–805.
  • Mitchell, P., and R. Tjian. 1989. Transcriptional regulation in mammahan cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science 245:371–378.
  • Parker, B., and G. Stark. 1979. Regulation of SV40 transcription: sensitive analysis of the RNA species present early in infection by virus or virus DNA. J. Virol. 31:360–369.
  • Poellinger, L., B. Yoza, and R. Roeder. 1989. Functional cooperativity between protein molecules bound at two distinct sequence elements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter. Nature (London) 337:573–576.
  • Ptashne, M. 1988. How eucaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature (London) 335:683–689.
  • Ronchi, A., S. Nicolis, C. Santoro, and S. Ottolenghi. 1989. Increased Sp1 binding mediates erythroid-specific overexpression of a mutated (HPFH)-gamma globin promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10231–10241.
  • Schule, R., M. Muller, C. Kaltschmidt, and R. Renkawitz. 1988. Many transcription factors interact synergistically with glucocorticoid receptors. Science 242:1418–1420.
  • Strahle, U., W. Schmid, and B. Schutz. 1988. Synergistic interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors. EMBO J. 7:3389–3395.
  • Sykes, K., and R. Kaufman. 1990. A naturally occurring gamma globin gene mutation enhances Sp1 binding activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:95–102.
  • Tsai, S., M. Tsai, and B. O’Malley. 1989. Cooperative binding of steroid hormone receptors contributes to transcriptional synergism at target enhancer elements. Cell 57:443–448.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.