A New U6 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-Specific Protein Conserved between cis- and trans-Splicing Systems

REFERENCES

• Agabian, N. 1990. trans splicing of nuclear pre-mRNAs. Cell 61:1157–1160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bach, M., G. Winkelmann, and R. Lührmann. 1989. 20S small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U5 shows a surprisingly complex protein composition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6038–6042.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banroques, J., and J. Abelson. 1989. PRP4: a protein of the yeast U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3710–3719.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barabino, S. M. L., B. S. Sproat, U. Ryder, B. J. Blencowe, and A. I. Lamond. 1989. Mapping U2 snRNP-pre-mRNA interactions using biotinylated oligonucleotides made of 2′-OMe RNA. EMBO J. 8:4171–4178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindereif, A., and M. R. Green. 1987. An ordered pathway of snRNP binding during mammalian pre-mRNA splicing complex assembly. EMBO J. 6:2415–2424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindereif, A., and M. R. Green. 1990. Identification and functional analysis of mammalian splicing factors, p. 201-224. In J. K. Setlow (ed.), Genetic engineering: principles and methods, vol. 12. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York.
   Google Scholar
• Bindereif, A., T. Wolff, and M. R. Green. 1990. Discrete domains of human U6 snRNA required for the assembly of U4/U6 snRNP and splicing complexes. EMBO J. 9:251–255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black, D. L., and A. L. Pinto. 1989. U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein: RNA structure analysis and ATP-dependent interaction with U4/U6. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3350–3359.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black, D. L., and J. A. Steitz. 1986. Pre-mRNA splicing in vitro requires intact U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. Cell 46:697–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blencowe, B. J., B. S. Sproat, U. Ryder, S. Barabino, and A. I. Lamond. 1989. Antisense probing of the human U4/U6 snRNP with biotinylated 2′-OMe RNA oligonucleotides. Cell 59:531–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brow, D. A., and C. Guthrie. 1988. Spliceosomal RNA U6 is remarkably conserved from yeast to mammals. Nature (London) 334:213–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, M., A. Günzl, Z. Palfi, and A. Bindereif. Submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Dignam, D. L., R. M. Lebovitz, and R. D. Roeder. 1983. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:1475–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein, P., R. Reddy, D. Henning, and H. Busch. 1980. The nucleotide sequence of nuclear U6 (4.7S) RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 255:8901–8906.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green, M. R. 1986. Pre-mRNA splicing. Annu. Rev. Genet. 20:671–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, S., R. K. Busch, R. Singh, and R. Reddy. 1990. Characterization of U6 small nuclear RNA cap-specific antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 265:19137–19142.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta, S., R. Singh, and R. Reddy. 1990. Capping of U6 small nuclear RNA in vitro can be uncoupled from transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 265:9491–9495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guthrie, C., and B. Patterson. 1988. Spliceosomal snRNAs. Annu. Rev. Genet. 22:387–419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamm, J., E. Darzynkiewicz, S. M. Tahara, and I. W. Mattaj. 1990. The trimethylguanosine cap structure of U1 snRNA is a component of a bipartite nuclear targeting signal. Cell 62:569–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm, J., and I. W. Mattaj. 1989. An abundant U6 snRNP found in germ cells and embryos of Xenopus laevis. EMBO J. 8:4179–4187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konarska, M. M., and P. A. Sharp. 1987. Interactions between small nucleoprotein particles in formation of spliceosomes. Cell 49:763–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krainer, A. R., and T. Maniatis. 1988. RNA splicing, p. 131-206. In B. D. Hames and D. M. Glover (ed.), Transcription and splicing. IRC Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Krainer, A. R., T. Maniatis, B. Ruskin, and M. R. Green. 1984. Normal and mutant human γ-globin pre-mRNAs are faithfully and efficiently spliced in vitro. Cell 36:993–1005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 227:680–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lührmann, R. 1988. snRNP proteins, p. 71-99. In M. L. Bimstiel (ed.), Structure and function of major and minor small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Mattaj, I. W. 1986. Cap trimethylation of U snRNA is cytoplasmic and dependent on U snRNP protein binding. Cell 46:905–911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattaj, I. W., and E. M. De Robertis. 1985. Nuclear segregation of U2 snRNA requires binding of specific snRNP proteins. Cell 40:111–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaeli, S., T. G. Roberts, K. P. Watkins, and N. Agabian. 1990. Isolation of distinct small ribonucleoprotein particles containing the spliced leader and U2 snRNAs of Trypanosoma brucei. J. Biol. Chem. 265:10582–10588.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milligan, J. F., and O. C. Uhlenbeck. 1989. Synthesis of small RNAs using T7 RNA polymerase. Methods Enzymol. 180:51–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mottram, J., K. L. Perry, P. M. Lizardi, R. Lührmann, N. Agabian, and R. G. Nelson. 1989. Isolation and sequence of four small nuclear U RNA genes of Trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei: identification of the U2, U4, and U6 RNA analogs. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1212–1223.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, W. J., K. P. Watkins, and N. Agabian. 1986. Identification of a novel T branch structure as an intermediate in trypanosome mRNA processing: evidence for trans splicing. Cell 47:517–525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson, K. K., and M. R. Green. 1988. Splice site selection and ribonucleoprotein complex assembly during in vitro pre-mRNA splicing. Genes Dev. 2:319–329.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Padgett, R. A., P. J. Grabowski, M. M. Konarska, S. R. Seiler, and P. A. Sharp. 1986. Splicing of messenger RNA precursors. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55:1019–1050.
   Google Scholar
• Roiha, H., E. O. Shuster, D. A. Brow, and C. Guthrie. 1989. Small nuclear RNA from budding yeasts: phylogenetic comparisons reveal extensive size variation. Gene 82:137–144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh, R., J. Gupta, and R. Reddy. 1990. Capping of mammalian U6 small nuclear RNA in vitro is directed by a conserved stem-loop and AUAUAC sequence: conversion of a noncapped RNA into a capped RNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:939–946.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh, R., and R. Reddy. 1989. γ-Monomethyl phosphate ester: a cap structure in spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8280–8283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sproat, B. S., A. I. Lamond, B. Beijer, P. Neuner, and U. Ryder. 1989. Highly efficient chemical synthesis of 2′-O-methyloligori- bonucleotides and tetrabiotinylated derivatives: novel probes that are resistant to degradation by RNA or DNA specific nucleases. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:3373–3384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steitz, J. A., D. L. Black, V. Gerke, K. A. Parker, A. Krämer, D. Frendewey, and W. Keller. 1988. Functions of the abundant U-snRNPs, p. 115-154. In M. L. Bimstiel (ed.), Structure and function of major and minor small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Sutton, R. E., and J. C. Boothroyd. 1986. Evidence for trans splicing in trypanosomes. Cell 47:527–535.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szkukälek, A., T. Kiss, and F. Solymosy. 1990. The 5′ end of the coding region of a U6 snRNA gene candidate from tomato starts with GUCC, a phylogenetically highly conserved 5′ end sequence of U6 snRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1295.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vankan, P., C. McGuigan, and I. W. Mattaj. 1990. Domains of U4 and U6 snRNAs required for snRNP assembly and splicing complementation in Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J. 9:3397–3404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wersig, C., and A. Bindereif. 1990. Conserved domains of human U4 snRNA required for snRNP and spliceosome assembly. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6223–6229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wersig, C., U. Guddat, T. Pieler, and A. Bindereif. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Zieve, G. W., and R. A. Sauterer. 1990. Cell biology of the snRNP particles. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 25:1–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zillmann, M., M. L. Zapp, and S. M. Berget. 1988. Gel electrophoretic isolation of splicing complexes containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:814–821.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar