REFERENCES
- Beach, D. H., and A. J. S. Klar. 1984. Rearrangements of the transposable mating-type cassettes of fission yeast. EMBO J. 3:603–610.
- Boeke, J. D., F. La Croute, and G. R. Fink. 1984. A positive selection for mutants lacking orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase activity in yeast. Mol. Gen. Genet. 197:345–346.
- Burke, D. T., G. F. Carle, and M. V. Olson. 1986. Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors. Science 236:806–812.
- Carbon, J. Unpublished data.
- Carbon, J., and L. Clarke. 1990. Centromere structure and function in budding and fission yeasts. New Biol. 2:10–19.
- Carle, G. F., M. Frank, and M. V. Olson. 1986. Electrophoretic separations of large DNA molecules by periodic inversion of the electric field. Science 232:65–68.
- Chikashige, Y., N. Kinoshita, Y. Nakaseko, T. Matsumoto, S. Murakami, O. Niwa, and M. Yanagida. 1989. Composite motifs and repeated symmetry in S. pombe centromeres: direct analysis by integration of Not I restriction sites. Cell 57:739–751.
- Church, G. M., and W. Gilbert. 1984. Genomic sequencing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1991–1995.
- Clarke, L. 1990. Centromeres of budding and fission yeasts. Trends Genet. 6:150–154.
- Clarke, L., H. Amstutz, B. Fishel, and J. Carbon. 1986. Analysis of centromeric DNA in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8253–8257.
- Clarke, L., and M. P. Baum. 1990. Functional analysis of a centromere from fission yeast: a role for centromere-specific repeated DNA sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1863–1872.
- Clarke, L., and J. Carbon. 1983. Genomic substitutions of centromeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature (London) 305:23–28.
- Clarke, L., and J. Carbon. 1985. The structure and function of yeast centromeres. Annu. Rev. Genet. 19:29–56.
- Cottarel, G., J. A. Shero, P. Hieter, and J. H. Hegemann. 1989. A 125-base-pair CEN6 sequence is sufficient for complete mei- otic and mitotic centromere functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3342–3349.
- Cumberledge, S., and J. Carbon. 1987. Mutational analysis of meiotic and mitotic centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 117:203–212.
- Fishel, B., H. Amstutz, M. Baum, J. Carbon, and L. Clarke. 1988. Structural organization and functional analysis of centromeric DNA in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:754–763.
- Fitzgerald-Hayes, M. 1987. Yeast centromeres. Yeast 3:187-200.
- Fitzgerald-Hayes, M., L. Clarke, and J. Carbon. 1982. Nucleotide sequence comparison and functional analysis of yeast centromere DNA. Cell 29:235–244.
- Gaudet, A., and M. Fitzgerald-Hayes. 1989. Mutations in CEN3 cause aberrant chromosome segregation during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 121:477–489.
- Gutz, H., H. Heslot, U. Leupold, and N. Loprieno. 1974. Schizosaccharomyces pombe, p. 395-446. In R. D. King (ed.), Handbook of genetics. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York.
- Hahnenberger, K. M., M. P. Baum, C. M. Polizzi, J. Carbon, and L. Clarke. 1989. Construction of functional artificial minichromosomes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:577–581.
- Hegemann, J. H., J. H. Shero, G. Cottarel, P. Philippsen, and P. Hieter. 1988. Mutational analysis of the centromere DNA from chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2523–2535.
- Hieter, P. A., C. Mann, M. P. Snyder, and R. W. Davis. 1984. Mitotic stability of yeast chromosomes: a colony color assay that measures nondisjunction and chromosome loss. Cell 40:381–392.
- Hieter, P., D. Pridmore, J. H. Hegemann, M. Thomas, R. W. Davis, and P. Philippsen. 1985. Functional selection and analysis of yeast centromeric DNA. Cell 42:913–921.
- Ito, H., Y. Fukuda, K. Murata, and A. Kimura. 1983. Transformation of intact cells treated with alkali cations. J. Bacteriol. 153:163–168.
- Jabs, E. W., C. A. Goble, and G. Cutting. 1989. Macromolecular organization of human centromeric regions reveals high-frequency, polymorphic macro DNA repeats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:202–206.
- Kohli, J., H. Hottinger, P. Munz, A. Strauss, and P. Thuriaux. 1977. Genetic mapping in Schizosaccharomyces pombe by mitotic and meiotic analysis and induced haploidization. Genetics 87:471–489.
- Kuhn, R. M., L. Clarke, and J. Carbon. 1991. Clustered tRNA genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromeric DNA sequence repeats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, in press.
- Lima de Faria, A. 1956. The role of the kinetochore in chromosome organization. Hereditas 42:85–160.
- McGrew, J., B. Diehl, and M. Fitzgerald-Hayes. 1986. Single base-pair mutations in centromere element III cause aberrant chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:530–538.
- Miklos, G. L. G. 1985. Localized highly repetitive DNA sequences in vertebrate and invertebrate genomes, p. 241-313. In J. R. MacIntyre (ed.), Molecular evolutionary genetics. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York.
- Murray, A. W., and J. W. Szostak. 1983. Construction of artificial chromosomes in yeast. Nature (London) 305:189–193.
- Nakaseko, Y., Y. Adachi, S. Funahashi, O. Niwa, and M. Yanagida. 1986. Chromosome walking shows a highly repetitive sequence present in all the centromere regions of fission yeast. EMBO J. 5:1011–1021.
- Ng, R., and J. Carbon. 1987. Mutational and in vitro proteinbinding studies on centromere DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:4522–4534.
- Niwa, O., T. Matsumoto, Y. Chikashige, and M. Yanagida. 1989. Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe minichromosome deletion derivatives and a functional allocation of their centromere. EMBO J. 8:3045–3052.
- Orr-Weaver, T. L., J. W. Szostak, and R. J. Rothstein. 1981. Yeast transformation, a model system for the study of recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:6354–6358.
- Panzeri, L., L. Lonio, A. Stotz, and P. Philippsen. 1985. Role of conserved sequence elements in yeast centromere DNA. EMBO J. 4:1867–1874.
- Polizzi, C., and L. Clarke. 1991. The chromatin structure of centromeres from fission yeast is distinct, with differentiation of the central core which correlates with function. J. Cell Biol. 112:191–201.
- Rothstein, R. 1985. One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 101:202–212.
- Sharon, G., and G. Simchen. 1990. Mixed segregation of chromosomes during single-division meiosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 125:475–485.
- Sharon, G., and G. Simchen. 1990. Centromeric regions control autonomous segregation tendencies in single-division meiosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 125:487–494.
- Sherman, F., G. R. Fink, and J. B. Hicks. 1986. Laboratory course manual for methods in yeast genetics, p. 143-144. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
- Singer, M. 1982. Highly repeated sequences in mammalian genomes. Int. Rev. Cytol. 76:67–112.
- Sugawara, N., and J. W. Szostak. 1986. Telomeres of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2(Suppl.):373.
- Tschumper, G., and J. Carbon. 1983. Copy number control by a yeast centromere. Gene 23:221–232.