Reconstitution of Functional Mammalian U4 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein: Sm Protein Binding Is Not Essential for Splicing In Vitro

REFERENCES

• Banroques, J., and J. Abelson. 1989. PRP4: a protein of the yeast U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3710–3719.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barabino, S. Μ. L., B. S. Sproat, U. Ryder, B. J. Blencowe, and A. I. Lamond. 1989. Mapping U2 snRNP-pre-mRNA interaction using biotinylated oligonucleotides made of 2′-OMe RNA. EMBO J. 8:4171–4178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bark, C., P. Weller, J. Zabielski, and U. Pettersson. 1986. Genes for human U4 small nuclear RNA. Gene 50:333–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrens, S.-E., and R. Lührmann. 1991. Immunoaffinity purification of a [U4/U6.U5] tri-snRNP from human cells. Genes Dev. 5:1439–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindereif, A., and Μ. R. Green. 1987. An ordered pathway of snRNP binding during mammalian pre-mRNA splicing complex assembly. EMBO J. 6:2415–2424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindereif, A., and Μ. R. Green. 1990. Identification and functional analysis of mammalian splicing factors, p. 201–224. In J. K. Setlow (ed.), Genetic engineering—principles and methods, vol. 12. Plenum Publishing Corp., New York.
   Google Scholar
• Bjørn, S. P., A. Soltyk, J. D. Beggs, and J. D. Friesen. 1989. PRP4 (RNA4) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: its gene product is associated with the U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3698–3709.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blencowe, B. J., B. S. Sproat, U. Ryder, S. Barabino, and A. I. Lamond. 1989. Antisense probing of the human U4/U6 snRNP with biotinylated 2′-OMe RNA oligonucleotides. Cell 59:531–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordonné, R., J. Banroques, J. Abelson, and C. Guthrie. 1990. Domains of yeast U4 spliceosomal RNA required for PRP4 protein binding, snRNP-snRNP interactions, and pre-mRNA splicing in vitro. Genes Dev. 4:1185–1196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brow, D. A., and C. Guthrie. 1988. Spliceosomal RNA U6 is remarkably conserved from yeast to mammals. Nature (London) 334:213–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, S.-C., and J. Abelson. 1987. Spliceosome assembly in yeast. Genes Dev. 1:1014–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta, B., and A. Μ. Weiner. 1991. Genetic evidence for base pairing between U2 and U6 snRNA in mammalian mRNA splicing. Nature (London) 352:821–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignam, D. L., R. Μ. Lebovitz, and R. G. Roeder. 1983. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:1475–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrizio, P., and J. Abelson. 1990. Two domains of yeast U6 small nuclear RNA required for both steps of nuclear precursor messenger RNA splicing. Science 250:404–409.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer, U., E. Darzynkiewicz, S. Μ. Tahara, N. A. Dathan, R. Lührmann, and I. W. Mattaj. 1991. Diversity in the signals required for nuclear accumulation of U snRNPs and variety in the pathways of nuclear transport. J. Cell Biol. 113:705–714.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer, U., and R. Lûhrmann. 1990. An essential signaling role for the m3G cap in the transport of U1 snRNP to the nucleus. Science 249:786–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie, C. 1991. Messenger RNA splicing in yeast: clues to why the spliceosome is a ribonucleoprotein. Science 253:157–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie, C., and B. Patterson. 1988. Spliceosomal snRNAs. Annu. Rev. Genet. 22:387–419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamm, J., E. Darzynkiewicz, S. Μ. Tahara, and I. W. Mattaj. 1990. The trimethylguanosine cap structure of U1 snRNA is a component of a bipartite nuclear targeting signal. Cell 62:569–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm, J., Μ. Kazmaier, and I. W. Mattaj. 1987. In vitro assembly of U1 snRNPs. EMBO J. 6:3479–3485.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hausner, T.-P., L. Μ. Giglio, and A. Μ. Weiner. 1990. Evidence for base-pairing between mammalian U2 and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Genes Dev. 4:2146–2156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konarska, Μ. Μ., and P. A. Sharp. 1986. Electrophoretic separation of complexes involved in the splicing of precursors to mRNAs. Cell 46:845–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunkel, G. R., R. L. Maser, J. P. Calvet, and T. Pederson. 1986. U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8575–8579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunkel, T. A. 1985. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:488–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamm, G. Μ., B. J. Blencowe, B. S. Sproat, A. Μ. Iribarren, U. Ryder, and A. I. Lamond. 1991. Antisense probes containing 2-aminoadenosine allow efficient depletion of U5 snRNP from HeLa splicing extracts. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:3193–3198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamond, A. I., Μ. Μ. Konarska, P. J. Grabowski, and P. A. Sharp. 1988. Spliceosome assembly involves the binding and release of U4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lelay-Taha, M.-N., I. Reveillaud, D. Μ. Sri-Widada, C. Brunel, and P. Jeanteur. 1986. RNA-protein organization of Ul, U5, and U4-U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in HeLa cells. J. Mol. Biol. 189:519–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lührmann, R., B. Kastner, and Μ. Bach. 1990. Structure of spliceosomal snRNPs and their role in pre-mRNA splicing. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1087:265–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroney, P. A., G. J. Hannon, J. A. Denker, and T. W. Nilsen. 1990. The nematode spliced leader RNA participates in trans-splicing as an Sm snRNP. EMBO J. 9:3667–3673.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattaj, I. W. 1986. Cap trimethylation of U snRNA is cytoplasmic and dependent on U snRNP protein binding. Cell 46:905–911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattaj, I. W., and E. Μ. De Robertis. 1985. Nuclear segregation of U2 snRNA requires binding of specific snRNP proteins. Cell 40:111–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPheeters, D. S., P. Fabrizio, and J. Abelson. 1989. In vitro reconstitution of functional yeast U2 snRNPs. Genes Dev. 3:2124–2136.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myslinski, E., and C. Branlant. 1991. A phylogenetic study of U4 snRNA reveals the existence of an evolutionarily conserved secondary structure corresponding to "free" U4 snRNA. Biochimie 73:17–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson, K. K., and Μ. R. Green. 1988. Splice site selection and ribonucleoprotein complex assembly during in vitro pre-mRNA splicing. Genes Dev. 2:319–329.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pikielny, C. W., B. C. Rymond, and Μ. Rosbash. 1986. Electrophoresis of ribonucleoproteins reveals an ordered assembly pathway of yeast splicing complexes. Nature (London) 324:341–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruby, S., and J. Abelson. 1991. Pre-mRNA splicing in yeast. Trends Genet. 7:79–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Séraphin, B., N. Abovich, and Μ. Rosbash. 1991. Genetic depletion indicates a late role for U5 snRNP during in vitro spliceosome assembly. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:3857–3860.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannon, K. W., and C. Guthrie. 1991. Suppressors of a U4 snRNA mutation define a novel U6 snRNP protein with RNA- binding motifs. Genes Dev. 5:773–785.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sproat, B. S., A. I. Lamond, B. Beijer, P. Neuner, and U. Ryder. 1989. Highly efficient chemical synthesis of 2′-O-methyloligori- bonucleotides and tetrabiotinylated derivatives; novel probes that are resistant to degradation by RNA or DNA specific nucleases. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:3373–3384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steitz, J. A., D. L. Black, V. Gerke, K. A. Parker, A. Krämer, D. Frendewey, and W. Keller. 1988. Functions of the abundant U-snRNPs, p. 115–154. In Μ. L. Birnstiel (ed.), Structure and function of major and minor small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, E. J., and C. Guthrie. 1991. A cold-sensitive mRNA splicing mutant is a member of the RNA helicase gene family. Genes Dev. 5:629–641.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tani, T., and Y. Oshima. 1989. The gene for the U6 small nuclear RNA in fission yeast has an intron. Nature (London) 337:87–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tani, T., and Y. Oshima. 1991. mRNA-type introns in U6 small nuclear RNA genes: implication for the catalysis in pre-mRNA splicing. Genes Dev. 5:1022–1031.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vankan, P., C. McGuigan, and I. W. Mattaj. 1990. Domains of U4 and U6 snRNAs required for snRNP assembly and splicing complementation in Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J. 9:3397–3404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wersig, C., and A. Bindereif. 1990. Conserved domains of human U4 snRNA required for snRNP and spliceosome assembly. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6223–6229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff, T., and A. Bindereif. 1992. Reconstituted mammalian U4/U6 snRNP complements splicing: a mutational analysis. EMBO J. 11:345–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J., and J. L. Manley. 1991. Base pairing between U2 and U6 snRNAs is necessary for splicing of a mammalian pre- mRNA. Nature (London) 352:818–821.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu, Y., S. P. Bjorn, and J. D. Friesen. 1990. The PRP4 (RNA4) protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with the 5′ portion of the U4 small nuclear RNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1217–1225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zillmann, Μ., Μ. L. Zapp, and S. Μ. Berget. 1988. Gel electrophoretic isolation of splicing complexes containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:814–821.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar