Oncoprotein-Mediated Signalling Cascade Stimulates c-Jun Activity by Phosphorylation of Serines 63 and 73

REFERENCES

• Alvarez, E., I. C. Northwood, F. A. Gonzalez, D. A. Latour, A. Seth, C. Abate, T. Curran, and R. J. Davis. 1991. Pro-Leu-Ser/ Thr-Pro is a consensus primary sequence for substrate protein phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 266:15277–15285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel, P., K. Hattori, T. Smeal, and M. Karin. 1988. The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/ AP1. Cell 55:875–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel, P., M. Imagawa, R. Chiu, B. Stein, R. Imbra, H. Rahmsdorf, C. Jonat, P. Herrlich, and M. Karin. 1987. Phorbol ester inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA modulated transacting factor. Cell 49:729–739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binetruy, B., T. Smeal, and M. Karin. 1991. H-Ras augments cJun activity and stimulates phosphorylation of its activation domain. Nature (London) 351:122–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne, H. R., D. A. Sanders, and F. McCormick. 1991. GTPase superfamily: a conserved switch for diverse cell functions. Nature (London) 349:117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, W. J., T. Smeal, L. H. K. Defize, P. Angel, J. R. Woodgett, M. Karin, and T. Hunter. 1991. Activation of protein kinase C decreases phosphorylation of c-Jun at sites that negatively regulate its DNA-binding activity. Cell 64:573–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, H., J. Szeberényi, and G. M. Cooper. 1990. Effect of a dominant inhibitory Ha-ras mutation on mitogenic signal transduction in NIH 3T3 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:5314–5323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantley, L., K. S. Auger, C. Carpenter, B. Duckworth, A. Grazianai, R. Kapeller, and S. Soltoff. 1991. Oncogenes and signal transduction. Cell 64:281–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, R., W. J. Boyle, J. Meek, T. Smeal, T. Hunter, and M. Karin. 1988. The c-Fos protein interacts with c-Jun/AP-1 to stimulate transcription from AP-1 responsive genes. Cell 54:541–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignam, J., P. Martin, B. Shastry, and R. Roeder. 1983. Eukaryotic gene transcription with purified components. Methods Enzymol. 101:582–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downward, J., J. D. Graves, P. H. Warne, S. Rayter, and D. A. Cantrell. 1990. Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activation. Nature (London) 346:719–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feig, L. A., and G. M. Cooper. 1988. Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3235–3243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrell, J. Personal communication.
   Google Scholar
• Heidecker, G., M. Huleihel, J. L. Cleveland, W. Kolch, T. W. Beck, P. Lloyd, T. Pawson, and U. R. Rapp. 1990. Mutational activation of c-raf-l and definition of the minimal transforming sequence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:2503–2512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidecker, G., W. Kolch, D. K. Morrison, and U. R. Rapp. Adv. Cancer Res., in press.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, T. 1991. Cooperation between oncogenes. Cell 64:249–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, T., and B. Sefton. 1980. Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1311–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, M. 1991. The AP-1 complex and its role in transcriptional control by protein kinase C, p. 143–161. In P. Cohen and G. Foulkes (ed.), Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol. 6. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Kolch, W., G. Heidecker, P. Lloyd, and U. Rapp. 1991. Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH3T3 cells. Nature (London) 349:426–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovary, K., and R. Bravo. 1991. The Jun and Fos protein families are both required for cell cycle progression in fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4466–4472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamph, W. W., P. Wamsley, P. Sassone-Corsi, and I. M. Verma. 1988. Induction of the proto-oncogene jun/AP-1 by serum and TPA. Nature (London) 334:629–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Land, H., A. C. Chen, J. P. Morgenstern, L. F. Parada, and R. A. Weinberg. 1986. Behavior of myc and ras oncogenes in transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1917–1925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, A., M. Cobb, and M. Karin. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, A., N. Yancheva, and B. Wasylyck. 1991. Transformation suppressor activity of a jun transcription factor lacking its activation domain. Nature (London) 352:635–638.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mercola, D., P. Carpenter, A. Grover-Bardwick, and M. Mercola. Rapid, complete and reversible transformation by v-sis precedes irreversible transformation. Oncogene, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Pulverer, B. J., J. M. Kyriakis, J. Avruch, E. Nikolakakie, and J. Woodgett. 1991. Phosphorylation of c-jun mediated by MAP kinases. Nature (London) 353:670–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp, U. 1991. Role of Raf1 serine/threonine protein kinase in growth factor signal transduction. Oncogene 6:495–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, G. M. 1991. Signal transduction and the fate of the R7 photoreceptor in drosophila. Trends Genet. 7:372–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonthal, A., P. Herrlich, H. J. Rahmsdorf, and H. Ponta. 1988. Requirement for fos gene expression in the transcriptional activation of collagenase by other oncogenes and phorbol esters. Cell 54:325–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeal, T., P. Angel, J. Meek, and M. Karin. 1989. Different requirements for formation of Jun:Jun and Jun:Fos complexes. Genes Dev. 3:2091–2100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeal, T., B. Binetruy, D. Mercola, M. Birrer, and M. Karin. 1991. Oncogenic and transcriptional cooperation with Ha-Ras requires phosphorylation of cJun on serines 63 and 73. Nature (London) 354:494–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg, P. W., and H. R. Horvitz. 1991. Signal transduction during C. elegans vulval induction. Trends Genet. 7:366–371.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Theill, L. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Theill, L., J.-L. Castrillo, D. Wu, and M. Karin. 1989. Dissection of functional domains of the pituitary specific transcription factor GHF-1. Nature (London) 342:945–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt, P. K., and T. J. Bos. 1990. Jun: oncogene and transcription factor. Adv. Cancer Res. 55:1–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasylyk, C., J. L. Imler, and B. Wasylyk. 1988. Transforming but not immortalizing oncogenes activate the transcription factor PEA1. EMBO J. 7:2475–2483.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasylyk, C., B. Wasylyk, G. Heidecker, M. Huleihel, and U. R. Rapp. 1989. Expression of raf oncogenes activates the PEA1 transcription factor motif. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2247–2250.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zarbl, H., J. Latreille, and P. Jolicoeur. 1987. Revertants of vFos transformed fibroblasts have mutations in cellular genes essential for transformation by other oncogenes. Cell 51:357–369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar