REFERENCES
- Ben Amar, Μ. F., D. Jefferies, A. Pays, N. Bakalara, G. Kendall, and E. Pays. 1991. The actin gene promoter of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:5857–5862.
- Campbell, D. A., and J. Fleischmann. Unpublished data.
- Campbell, D. A., D. A. Thornton, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1984. Apparent discontinuous transcription of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface antigen genes. Nature (London) 311:350–355.
- Chung, S. H., and J. Swindle. 1990. Linkage of the calmodulin and ubiquitin loci in Trypanosoma cruzi. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:4561–4569.
- Clayton, C. E., J. P. Fueri, J. E. Itzhaki, V. Bellofatto, D. R. Sherman, G. S. Wisdom, S. Vijayasarathy, and Μ. R. Mowatt. 1990. Transcription of the procyclic acidic repetitive protein genes of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3036–3047.
- Coquelet, H., Μ. Steinert, and E. Pays. 1991. Ultraviolet irradiation inhibits RNA decay and modifies ribosomal RNA processing in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 44:33–42.
- Coquelet, H., P. Tebabi, A. Pays, Μ. Steinert, and E. Pays. 1989. Trypanosoma brucei: enrichment by UV of intergenic transcripts from the variable surface glycoprotein gene expression site. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4022–4025.
- Davis, L. G., Μ. D. Dibner, and J. F. Battey. 1986. Basic methods in molecular biology, p. 362. Elsevier Press, New York.
- Devereux, J., P. Haeberli, and O. Smithies. 1984. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis program for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:387–395.
- Eid, J., and B. Sollner-Webb. 1991. Stable integrative transformation of Trypanosoma brucei that occurs exclusively by homologous recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2118–2121.
- Evers, R., and A. W. C. A. Cornelissen. 1990. The Trypanosoma brucei protein phosphatase gene: polycistronic transcription with the RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5089–5095.
- Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein. 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 132:6–13.
- Fickett, J. W. 1982. Recognition of protein coding regions in DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:5303–5318.
- Finley, D., B. Bartel, and A. Varshavsky. 1989. The tails of ubiquitin precursors are ribosomal proteins whose fusion to ubiquitin facilitates ribosome biogenesis. Nature (London) 338:394–401.
- Gibson, W. C., B. W. Swinkels, and P. Borst. 1988. Post- transcriptional control of the differential expression of phosphoglycerate kinase genes in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Mol. Biol. 201:315–325.
- Gonzalez, A., T. J. Lerner, Μ. Heucas, B. Sosa-Pineda, N. Nogueira, and P. Μ. Lizardi. 1985. Apparent generation of a segmented mRNA from two separate tandem gene families in Trypanosoma cruzi. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:5789–5804.
- Grondal, E. J. Μ., R. Evers, K. Kosubek, and A. W. C. A. Cornelissen. 1989. Characterization of the RNA polymerases of Trypanosoma brucei: trypanosomal mRNAs are composed of transcripts derived from both RNA polymerase II and III. EMBO J. 8:3383–3389.
- Imboden, M., B. Blum, T. De Lange, R. Braun, and T. Seebeck. 1986. Tubulin mRNAs of Trypanosoma brucei. J. Mol. Biol. 188:393–402.
- Johnson, P. J., J. Μ. Kooter, and P. Borst. 1987. Inactivation of transcription by UV irradiation of T. brucei provides evidence for a multicistronic transcription unit including a VSG gene. Cell 51:273–281.
- Jones, Μ. D., and N. S. Foulkes. 1989. Reverse transcription of mRNA by Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:8387–8388.
- König, E., H. Delius, Μ. Carrington, R. O. Williams, and I. Roditi. 1989. Duplication and transcription of procyclin genes in Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:8727–8739.
- Kooter, J. Μ., and P. Borst. 1984. Alpha-amanitin-insensitive transcription of variant surface glycoprotein genes provides further evidence for discontinuous transcription in trypanosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:9457–9472.
- Kooter, J. Μ., T. De Lange, and P. Borst. 1984. Discontinuous synthesis of mRNA in trypanosomes. EMBO J. 3:2387–2392.
- Kooter, J. Μ., H. J. van der Spek, R. Wagter, C. E. d’Oliveira, F. van der Hoeven, P. J. Johnson, and P. Borst. 1987. The anatomy and transcription of a telomeric expression site for variant-specific surface antigens in T. brucei. Cell 51:261–272.
- Lee, Μ. G.-S., and L. H. T. van der Ploeg. 1991. The hygromycin B-resistance gene as a selectable marker for stable transformation of Trypanosoma brucei. Gene 105:255–257.
- Milhausen, Μ., R. G. Nelson, S. Sather, Μ. Selkirk, and N. Agabian. 1984. Identification of a small RNA containing the trypanosome spliced leader: a donor of shared 5′ sequences of trypanosomatid mRNAs? Cell 38:721–729.
- Muhich, Μ. L,, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1988. Polycistronic transcripts in trypanosomes and their accumulation during heat shock: evidence for a precursor role in mRNA synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3837–3846.
- Muhich, Μ. L., Μ. P. Hsu, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1989. Heatshock disruption of trans-splicing in trypanosomes: effect on Hsp70, Hsp85 and tubulin mRNA synthesis. Gene 82:169–175.
- Murphy, W. J., K. P. Watkins, and N. Agabian. 1986. Identification of a novel Y branch structure as an intermediate in trypanosome mRNA processing: evidence for trans splicing. Cell 47:517–525.
- Neigel, J. E. Unpublished data.
- Pays, E., H. Coquelet, A. Pays, P. Tebabi, and Μ. Steinert. 1989. Trypanosoma brucei: posttranslational control of the variable glycoprotein gene expression site. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4018–4021.
- Pays, E., P. Tebabi, A. Pays, H. Coquelet, P. Revelard, D. Salmon, and Μ. Steinert. 1989. The genes and transcripts of an antigen gene expression site from T. brucei. Cell 57:835–845.
- Persechini, A., N. D. Moncrief, and R. H. Kretsinger. 1989. The EF-hand family of calcium-modulated proteins. Trends Neurosci. 12:462–467.
- Rudenko, G., S. Le Blancq, J. Smith, Μ. G. S. Lee, A. Rattray, and L. H. T. van der Ploeg. 1990. Procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes located in an unusually small alpha- amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient DNA transfection of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3492–3504.
- Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
- Sutton, R. E., and J. C. Boothroyd. 1986. Evidence for trans splicing in trypanosomes. Cell 47:527–535.
- Swindle, J., J. Ajioka, H. Eisen, B. Sanwal, C. Jacquemot, Z. Browder, and G. Buck. 1988. The genomic organization and transcription of the ubiquitin genes of Trypanosoma cruzi. EMBO J. 6:1121–1127.
- ten Asbroek, A. L. Μ. A., Μ. Ouellette, and P. Borst. 1991. Targeted insertion of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene into the tubulin gene cluster of Trypanosoma brucei. Nature (London) 348:174–175.
- Tschudi, C., and E. Ullu. 1988. Polygene transcripts are precursors to calmodulin mRNAs in trypanosomes. EMBO J. 7:455–463.
- Tschudi, C., A. S. Young, L. Ruben, C. L. Patton, and F. F. Richards. 1985. Calmodulin genes in trypanosomes are tandemly repeated and produce multiple mRNAs with a common 5′ leader sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3998–4002.
- Tse, W. T., and B. G. Forget. 1990. Reverse transcription and direct amplification of cellular RNA transcripts by Taq polymerase. Gene 88:293–296.
- Vijayasarathy, S., I. Ernest, J. E. Itzhaki, D. Sherman, Μ. R. Mowatt, P. A. Μ Michels, and C. E. Clayton. 1990. The genes encoding fructose bisphosphate aldolase in Trypanosoma brucei are interspersed with unrelated genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:2967–2975.
- Wong, S., and D. A. Campbell. Unpublished data.
- Wong, S., and D. A. Campbell. 1989. A polyubiquitin gene from Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 37:147–150.
- Wong, S., Μ. G. Elgort, K. Gottesdiener, and D. A. Campbell. 1992. Allelic polymorphism of the Trypanosoma brucei polyubiquitin gene. Mol. Biochem. ParasitoL 55:187–196.
- Wong, S., R. H. Kretsinger, and D. A. Campbell. 1992. Identification of a new EF-hand superfamily member from Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Gen. Genet. 233:225–230.
- Wong, S., T. H. Morales, and D. A. Campbell. 1990. Ubiquitin- EP52 homologs from Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:71–81.