Characterization of the Mouse β^maj Globin Transcription Termination Region: a Spacing Sequence is Required Between the Poly(A) Signal Sequence and Multiple Downstream Termination Elements

REFERENCES

• Birchmeier, C., D. Schumperli, G. Sconzo, and Μ. L. Birnstiel. 1984. 3' editing of mRNAs: sequence requirements and involvement of a 60 nucleotide RNA in maturation of histone mRNA precursors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1057–1061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnstiel, Μ. L., Μ. Busslinger, and K. Strub. 1985. Transcription termination and 3' processing: the end is in site! Cell 41:349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chodchoy, N., N. B. Pandey, and W. F. Marzluff. 1991. An intact histone 3' processing site is required for transcription termination in a mouse histone H2A gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:497–509.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extractions. Anal. Biochem. 612:156–159.
   Google Scholar
• Ciliberto, G., N. Dathan, R. Frank, L. Philipson, and I. W. Mattaj. 1986. Formation of the 3' end on U snRNAs requires at least three sequence elements. EMBO J. 5:2931–2937.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Citron, B., E. Falck-Pedersen, Μ. Salditt-Georgieff, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1984. Transcription termination occurs within a 1000 base pair region downstream from the poly(A) site of the mouse βmaj-globin gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:8723–8731.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connelly, S., and J. L. Manley. 1988. A functional mRNA polyadenylation signal is required for transcription termination by RNA polymerase II. Genes Dev. 2:440–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly, S., and J. L. Manley. 1989. A CCAAT box in the adenovirus major late promoter functions as part of an RNA polymerase II termination signal. Cell 57:561–571.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connelly, S., and J. L. Manley. 1989. RNA polymerase II transcription termination is mediated specifically by protein binding to a CCAAT box sequence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:5254–5259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cross, F. R., and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1983. Cycloheximide stimulates early adenovirus transcription if early gene expression is allowed before treatment. J. Virol. 45:683–692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwalds-Gilbert, G., and E. Falck-Pedersen. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Enriquez-Harris, P., N. Levitt, D. Briggs, and N. J. Proudfoot. 1992. A pause site for RNA polymerase II is associated with termination of transcription. EMBO J. 10:1833–1842.
   Google Scholar
• Faisst, S., and S. Meyer. 1992. Compilation of vertebrate-encoded transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:3–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falck-Pedersen, E., J. Logan, T. Shenk, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1985. Transcription termination within the E1A gene of adenovirus induced by insertion of the mouse βmaj-globin terminator element. Cell 40:897–905.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freir, S. Μ., R. Kierzek, J. A. Jaeger, N. Sugimoto, Μ. H. Caruthers, T. Nelson, and D. H. Turner. 1986. Improved free energy parameters for predictions of RNA duplex stability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:9373–9377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman, D. I., Μ. J. Imperiale, and S. Adhya. 1987. RNA 3' end formation in the control of gene expression. Annu. Rev. Genet. 21:453–488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Georgiev, O., and Μ. L. Birnstiel. 1985. The conserved CAA GAAAGA spacer sequence is an essential element for the formation of 3' termini of the sea urchin H3 histone mRNA by RNA processing. EMBO J. 4:481–489.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graham, F. R., J. Smiley, W. Russell, and R. Naim. 1977. Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. J. Gen. Virol. 36:59–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grummt, I., U. Maier, A. Ohrlein, N. Hassouna, and J. P. Bachellerie. 1985. Transcription of mouse rDNA terminates downstream of the 3' end of 28S RNA and involves the interaction of factors with repeated sequences in the 3' spacer. Cell 43:801–810.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagenbüchle, O., P. K. Wellauer, D. L. Cribbs, and U. Schibler. 1984. Termination of transcription in the mouse α-amylase gene Amy 2a occurs at multiple sites downstream of the polyadenylation site. Cell 38:737–744.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hernandez, N. 1985. Formation of the 3' end of U1 snRNA is directed by a conserved sequence located downstream of the coding region. EMBO J. 4:1827–1837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunkel, G. R., and T. Pederson. 1985. Transcription boundaries of U1 small nuclear RNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2332–2340.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lanoix, J., and N. H. Acheson. 1988. A rabbit β-globin polyadenylation signal directs efficient termination of transcription of polyoma virus DNA. EMBO J. 7:2515–2522.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau, L. F., J. W. Roberts, and R. Wu. 1983. RNA polymerase pausing and transcript release at the λtR1 terminator in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 258:9391–9397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LeMeur, Μ. A., B. Galliot, and P. Gerlinger. 1984. Termination of the ovalbumin gene transcription. EMBO J. 3:2779–2786.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lobo, S. Μ., and W. F. Marzluff. 1987. Synthesis of U1 RNA in isolated mouse cell nuclei: initiation and 3' end formation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:4290–4296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, J., E. Falck-Pedersen, J. E. Darnell, Jr., and T. Shenk. 1987. A poly(A) addition site and a downstream termination region are required for efficient cessation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in the mouse βmaj-globin gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8306–8310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, J., and T. Shenk. 1984. Adenovirus tripartite leader sequence enhances translation of mRNAs late after infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3655–3659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maa, M.-C., J. M. Chinsky, V. Ramamurthy, B. D. Martin, and R. E. Kellems. 1990. Identification of transcription stop sites at the 5' and 3' ends of the murine adenosine deaminase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 265:12513–12519.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Manley, J. L. 1988. Polyadenylation of mRNA precursers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 950:1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan, W. D., D. G. Bear, and P. H. von Hippel. 1983. Rho-dependent termination of transcription: identification and characterization of termination sites for transcription from the bacteriophage lambda Pr promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 258:9565–9574.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mowry, K. L., R. Oh, and J. A. Steitz. 1989. Each of the conserved sequence elements flanking the cleavage site of mammalian histone pre-mRNA has a distinct role in the 3' end processing reaction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3105–3108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nevins, J. R. 1981. Definition and mapping of adenovirus 2 nuclear transcription. Methods Enzymol. 70:768–784.
   Google Scholar
• Pribyl, T. Μ., and H. G. Martinson. 1988. Transcription termination at the chicken β-H-globin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5369–5377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Proudfoot, N. 1991. Poly(A) signals. Cell 64:671–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudfoot, N. J. 1989. How RNA polymerase II terminates transcription in higher eukaryotes. Trends Biochem. Sci. 14:105–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrbaugh, Μ. L., J. E. Johnson III, Μ. D. James, and R. C. Hardison. 1985. Transcription unit of the rabbit beta-1 globin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:147–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenthal, E. R., and J. Μ. Calvo. 1987. Transcription termination sites at the distal end of the leu operator of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Mol. Biol. 194:443–552.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sato, K., R. Ito, K.-H. Baek, and K. Agarwal. 1986. A specific DNA sequence controls termination of transcription in the gastrin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1032–1043.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vasserot, A. P., F. J. Schaufele, and Μ. L. Birnstiel. 1989. Conserved terminal hairpin sequences of histone mRNA precursers are not involved in duplex formation with U7 RNA but act as a target site for a distinct processing factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:4345–4349.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wahle, E., and W. Keller. 1992. The biochemistry of 3' end cleavage and polyadenylation of messenger RNA precursors. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:419–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitelaw, E., and N. J. Proudfoot. 1986. Alpha thalassaemia caused by poly(A) site mutation reveals that transcription termination is linked to 3' end processing in the human alpha-2 globin gene. EMBO J. 5:2915–2922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, A. M., G. E. Christie, and T. Platt. 1981. Tandem termination sites in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:2913–2917.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuo, C., Μ. Ares, Jr., and A. Μ. Weiner. 1985. Sequences required for 3' end formation of human U2 small nuclear RNA. Cell 42:193–202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zuker, M., and P. Stiegler. 1981. Optimal computer folding of large RNA sequences using thermodynamics and auxiliary information. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:133–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar