Coamplification and Coexpression of Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Murine Dihydrofolate Reductase Sequences in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

LITERATURE CITED

• Aasted, B. 1980. Purification and characterization of human vascular plasminogen activator. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 621:211–254.
   Google Scholar
• Alt, F. W., Kellems R. E., Bertino J. R., and Schimke R. T.. 1978. Selective amplification of dihydrofolate reductase genes in methotrexate-resistant variants of cultured murine cells. J. Biol. Chem. 253:1357–1370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann, S. R., Fox K. A. A., Ter-Pogossian M. M., Sobel B. E., and Collen D.. 1983. Clot-selective coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Science 220:1181–1183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Binder, B. R., Spragg J., and Austen K. F.. 1979. Purification and characterization of human vascular plasminogen activator derived from blood vessel perfusates. J. Biol Chem. 254: 1998–2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christman, J. K., Gerber M., Price P. M., Flordellis C., Edelman J., and Acs G.. 1982. Amplification and expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in 3T6 cells cotransfected with a dominant acting gene and cloned viral DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:1815–1819.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collen, D., Topol E. J., Tiefenbrunn A. J., Gold H. K., Weisfeldt M. L., Sobel B. E., Leinbach R. C., Brinker J. A., Ludbrook P. A., Yasuda I., Bulkley B. H., Robison A. K., Hutter A. M., Bell W. R., Spadaro J. J., Khaw B. A., and Grossbard E. B.. 1984. Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 70:1012–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czaker, R. 1973. Banding patterns and late replication in HeLa cells. Humangenetik 19:135–144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drapier, J. C, Tenu J. P., Lemaire G., and Petit J. F.. 1979. Regulation of plasminogen activator secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages I. Role of serum studied by a new spectrophotometric assay for plasminogen activators. Bio-chimie 61:468–472.
   Google Scholar
• Englund, P. T. 1971. Analysis of nucleotide sequences at 3′ termini of duplex deoxyribonucleic acid with the use of the T4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. J. Biol. Chem. 246:3269–3271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunstein, M., and Hogness D.. 1975. Colony hybridization: a method for isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:3961–3965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes, J., and Weissman C.. 1983. Constitutive, long term production of human interferons by hamster cells containing multiple copies of a cloned interferon gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:687–706.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaufman, R. J., and Sharp P. A.. 1982. Amplification and expression of sequences cotransfected with a modular dihydrofolate reductase cDNA gene. J. Mol. Biol. 159:601–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, R. J., and Sharp P. A.. 1982. Construction of a modular dihydrofolate reductase cDNA gene: analysis of signals utilized for efficient expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1304–1319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, R. J., Sharp P. A., and Latt S. A.. 1983. Evolution of chromosomal regions containing transfected and amplified dihydrofolate reductase sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:699–711.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kok, P. 1979. Separation of plasminogen activators human plasma and a comparison with activators from human uterine tissue and urine. Thromb. Haemostasis 41:734–744.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau, Y.-F., Lin C. C., and Kan Y. W.. 1984. Amplification and expression of human α-globin genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1469–1475.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maniatis, T., Fritsch E. F., and Sambrook J.. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuo, O., Rijken D. C., and Collen D.. 1981. Thrombolysis by human tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in rabbits with experimental pulmonary embolus. Nature (London) 291:590–591.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormick, F., Trahey M., Innis M., Dieckmann B., and Ringold G.. 1984. Inducible expression of amplified human beta interferon genes in CHO cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:166–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaster, G. K., and Carmichael G. G.. 1977. Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:4835–4838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeUon, P., Parker V., Gluzman Y., and Maniatis T.. 1981. Identification of DNA sequences required for transcription of the human α-globin gene in a new SV40-host vector system. Cell 27:279–288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milbrandt, J. D., Azizkhan J. C., and Hamlin J. L.. 1983. Amplification of a cloned Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene after transfer into a dihydrofolate reductase-deficient cell line. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:1274–1282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagamani, Y. D., Pearson, Anus M. S., and Reich E.. 1984. cDNA and gene nucleotide sequence of porcine plasminogen activator. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:9525–9541.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nieuwenhuizen, W., Vermond A., Voskuilen M., Traas D. W., and Verheyen J. H.. 1983. Identification of a site in fibrin(ogen) which is involved in the acceleration of plasminogen activation by a tissue-type plasminogen activator. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 748:86–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nunberg, J. H., Kaufman R. J., Schimke R. T., Urlaub G., and Chasin L. A.. 1978. Amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes are localized to a homogeneously staining region of a single chromosome in a methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:5553–5556.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pennica, D., Olmes W. E., Kohr W. I., Harkins R. N., Vehar G. A., Ward C. A., Bennett W. F., Yelverton E., Seeburg P. H., Heyneker H. L., and Goeddel D. V.. 1983. Cloning and expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA in E. coli. Nature (London) 301:214–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigby, P. W. J., Dickmann M., Thodes C., and Berg P.. 1977. Labelling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J. Mol. Biol. 113:237–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijken, D. C, and Collen D.. 1981. Purification and characterization of the plasminogen activator secreted by human melanoma cells in culture. J. Biol. Chem. 256:7035–7041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijken, D. C, Wyngaards G., and Welbergen I.. 1980. Relationship between tissue plasminogen activator and the activators in blood and vascular wall. Thromb. Res. 18:815–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringold, G., Dieckmann B., and Lee F.. 1981. Co-expression and amplification of dihydrofolate reductase cDNA and Escherichia coli XGPRT gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:165–175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts, J. M., Buck L. B., and Axel R.. 1983. A structure for amplified DNA. Cell 33:53–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scahill, S. J., Devos R., Heyden J. V., and Fiers W.. 1983. Expression and characterization of the product of a human interferon cDNA gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:4654–4658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimke, R. T. (ed.). 1982. Gene amplification. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Seabright, M. 1971. A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet ii:921–972.
   Google Scholar
• Sompayrac, L. M., and Dana K. J.. 1981. Efficient infection of monkey cells with DNA of simian virus 40. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:7575–7578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southern, E. M. 1975. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98:503–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen, P., Bird S., Rowe W. P., and Weinberg R. A.. 1979. Identification of DNA fragments carrying ecotropic proviruses of AKR mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4554–4558.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas, P. 1980. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5201–5205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tifenbrunn, A. J., Robinson A. K., Kurnik P. B., Ludbrook P. A., and Sobel B. E.. 1985. Clinical pharmacology in patients with evolving myocardial infarction of tissue-type plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology. Circulation 71:110–116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urlaub, G., and Chasin L. A.. 1980. Isolation of Chinese hamster cell mutants deficient in dihydrofolate reductase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:4216–4220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehar, G. A., Kohr W. J., Bennett W. F., Pennica D., Ward C. A., Harkins R. N., and Collen D.. 1984. Characterization studies or human melanoma cell tissue plasminogen activator. Bio/technology 12:1051–1057.
   Google Scholar
• Wahl, G. M., Vincent B. R. S., and DeRose M. L.. 1984. Effect of chromosomal position on amplification of transfected genes in animal cells. Nature (London) 307:516–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigler, M., Perucho M., Kurtz D., Dana S., Pellicer A., Axel R., and Silverstein S.. 1980. Transformation of mammalian cells with an amplifiable dominant-acting gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:3576–3580.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar