Developmental Regulation of Dictyostelium discoideum Actin Gene Fusions Carried on Low-Copy and High-Copy Transformation Vectors

LITERATURE CITED

• Alton, T. H., and M. Brenner. 1979. Comparison of proteins synthesized by anterior and posterior regions of Dictyostelium discoideum pseudoplasmodia. Dev. Biol. 71:1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alton, T. H., and H. F. Lodish. 1977. Developmental changes in messenger RNAs and protein synthesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Biol. 60:180–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashworth, J. M., and E. Weiner. 1972. The lysosomes of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, p. 36–46. In J. T. Dingle (ed.), Lysosome and pathology. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Barklis, E., and H. F. Lodish. 1983. Regulation of Dictyostelium discoideum mRNAs specific for prespore or prestalk cells. Cell 32:1139–1148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barklis, E., and H. F. Lodish. 1985. In situ localization of actin mRNA in Dictyostelium discoideum aggregates. Exp. Cell Res. 159:479–486.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barklis, E., B. Pontius, K. Barfield, and H. F. Lodish. 1985. Structure of the promoter of the Dictyostelium discoideum prespore EB4 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1465–1472.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biggen, M. D., T. J. Gibson, and A. R. Hong. 1983. Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 380:3963–3965.
   Google Scholar
• Blumberg, D. D., and H. F. Lodish. 1980. Complexity of nuclear and polysomal RNAs in growing Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Dev. Biol. 78:268–284.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CappeUo, J., C. Zuker, and H. F. Lodish. 1984. Repetetive Dictyostelium heat shock promoter functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:591–598.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carter, P., H. Bedouelle, and G. Winter. 1985. Improved oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis using M13 vectors. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:4431–4443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirgwin, J. M., A. E. Pryzbyla, R. J. MacDonald, and W. J. Rutter. 1979. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry 18:5294–5299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, S., S. M. Landfear, D. D. Blumberg, N. S. Cohen, and H. F. Lodish. 1981. Synthesis and stability of developmentally regulated Dictyostelium mRNAs are affected by cell-cell contact and cAMP. Cell 24:785–792.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen, S. M., J. CappeUo, and H. F. Lodish. 1984. Transcription of the Dictyostelium discoideum transposable element DIRS-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2332–2340.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coloma, A., and H. F. Lodish. 1981. Synthesis of spore and stalk specific proteins during differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Biol. 81:238–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deininger, P. L. 1983. Random subcloning of sonicated DNA: application to shotgun sequence analysis. Anal. Biochem. 129:216–233.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Devine, K., and W. F. Loomis. 1985. Molecular characterization of anterior like cells in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Biol. 107:364–372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donahue, T. F., R. S. Daves, G. Lucchini, and G. R. Fink. 1983. A short nucleotide sequence required for regulation of HIS4 by the general control system of yeast. Cell 32:89–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firtel, R. A., A. Cockburn, G. Frankel, and V. Herschfield. 1976. Structural organization of the genome of Dictyostelium discoideum: analysis by EcoRI restriction endonuclease. J. Mol. Biol. 102:831–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firtel, R. A., R. Timm, A. R. Kimmel, and M. McKeown. 1979. Unusual nucleotide sequences at the 5′ end of actin genes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:6206–6210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, M., and T. Shenk. 1981. The sequence 5′-AAUAAA-3′ forms part of the recognition site for polyadenylation of late SV40 mRNAs. Cell 24:251–260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fryberg, E. A., J. W. Mahaffey, B. J. Bond, and N. Davidson. 1983. Transcripts of the 6 Drosophila actin genes accumulate in a stage- and tissue-specific manner. Cell 33:115–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hope, I., and K. Struhl. 1985. GCN4 protein, synthesized in vitro, binds HIS3 regulatory sequences: implications for general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast. Cell 43:177–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, H., Y. Fukuda, K. Murata, and A. Kimura. 1983. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J. Bacteriol. 153:163–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, K. A., and R. Tjian. 1985. Sp1 binds to promoter sequence and activates HSV immediate early gene transcription in vitro. Nature (London) 317:179–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimmel, A. R., and R. A. Firtel. 1982. The organization and expression of the Dictyostelium genome, p. 233–324. In W. F. Loomis (ed.), The development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
   Google Scholar
• Kimmel, A. R., and R. A. Firtel. 1983. Sequence organization in Dictyostelium: unique structure at the 5′ ends of protein coding genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:541–552.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kindle, K., and R. A. Firtel. 1978. Identification and analysis of Dictyostelium actin genes: a family of moderately repeated genes. Cell 15:763–778.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loomis, W. F., and M. E. Giplin. 1986. Multigene families and vestigial sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2143–2147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Margolskee, J. P., and H. F. Lodish. 1980. The regulation of synthesis of actin and two other proteins induced early in Dictyostelium discoideum development. Dev. Biol. 74:50–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maxam, A. M., and W. Gilbert. 1977. A new method for DNA sequencing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:560–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown, M., W. C. Taylor, K. Kindle, R. A. Firtel, W. Bender, and N. Davidson. 1978. Multiple heterogeneous actin genes in Dictyostelium. Cell 15:789–800.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKeown, M., and R. A. Firtel. 1981. Differential expression and 5′ end mapping of actin genes in Dictyostelium. Cell 24:799–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown, M., and R. A. Firtel. 1981. Evidence for subfamilies of actin in Dictyostelium as determined by comparison of 3′ end sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 151:593–606.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKnight, S. L., R. C. Kingsbury, A. Spence, and M. Smith. 1984. The distal transcription signal of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide control sequence. Cell 37:253–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehdy, M. C., D. Ratner, and R. A. Firtel. 1983. Induction and modulation of cell type specific gene expression in Dictyostelium. Cell 32:763–771.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Messing, J., R. Crea, and P. H. Seeburg. 1981. A system for shotgun sequencing DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:309–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrissey, J. H., K. M. Devine, and W. F. Loomis. 1984. The timing of cell type specific differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Biol. 103:414–424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nellen, W., C. Silan, and R. A. Firtel. 1984. DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium discoideum: regulated expression of an actin gene fusion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2890–2898.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nellen, W., and R. A. Firtel. 1985. High-copy-number trans-formants and cotransformation in Dictyostelium. Gene 39:155–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, R., and J. Abelson. 1980. Isolation and sequence of the gene for actin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3912–3916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oka, A., H. Sugisaki, and M. Takanami. 1981. Nucleotide sequence of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn903. J. Mol. Biol. 147:217–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelham, H. R. B. 1982. A regulatory upstream promoter element in the Drosophila HSP70 heat shock gene. Cell 30:517–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelham, H. R. B., and M. Bienz. 1982. A synthetic heat shock promoter confers heat inducibility on the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene. EMBO J. 1:1473–1477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratner, D., and W. Borth. 1983. Comparison of differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum cell types separated by an improved method of density gradient centrifugation. Exp. Cell Res. 143:1–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romans, P., and R. A. Firtel. 1985. Organization of the Dictyostelium discoideum actin multigene family: flanking sequences show subfamily homologies and unusual dyad symmetries. J. Mol. Biol. 183:311–326.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romans, P., and R. A. Firtel. 1985. Organization of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum and analysis of variability in the protein coding regions. J. Mol. Biol. 186:321–335.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romans, P., R. A. Firtel, and C. L. Saxe III. 1985. Gene specific expression of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 186:337–355.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanger, F., and A. R. Coulson. 1978. The use of thin gels for DNA sequencing. FEBS Lett. 87:107–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463–5467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southern, P. J., and P. Berg. 1982. Transformation of mammalian cells to antibiotic resistance with a bacterial gene under control of the SV40 early region promoter. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:327–341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Staden, R. 1982. Automation of the computer handlipg of gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:4731–4751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinchcomb, D., M. Thomas, J. KeUey, E. Selker, and R. W. Davis. 1980. Eukaryotic DNA segments capable of autonomous replication in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4559–4563.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Struhl, K. 1982. Regulatory sites for HIS3 expression in yeast. Nature (London) 300:284–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struhl, K., D. Stinchcomb, S. Scherer, and R. W. Davis. 1979. High frequency transformation of yeast: autonomous replication of hybrid DNA molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:1035–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsahg, A. S., H. Mahububani, and J. G. Williams. 1982. Cell-type specific actin mRNA populations in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell 31:375–382.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tuchman, J., T. H. Alton, and H. F. Lodish. 1974. Preferential synthesis of actin during early development of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Biol. 40:116–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanderkerchove, J., and K. Weber. 1980. Vegetative Dictyostelium cells containing 17 actin genes express a single major actin. Nature (London) 284:475–477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varnum, B., K. B. Edwards, and D. R. Soli. 1986. The developmental regulation of single-cell motility in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev. Biol. 113:218–227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar