Directed Mutagenesis in Candida albicans: One-Step Gene Disruption To Isolate ura3 Mutants

LITERATURE CITED

• Bach, M. L., F. LaCroute, and D. Botstein. 1979. Evidence for transcriptional regulation of orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase in yeast by hybridization of mRNA to the yeast structural gene cloned in E. coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:386–390.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boeke, J. D., F. LaCroute, and G. R. Fink. 1984. A positive selection for mutants lacking orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase activity in yeast: 5-fluoro-orotic acid resistance. Mol. Gen. Genet. 197:345–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolivar, F., R. L. Rodriguez, P. J. Greene, M. C. Betlach, H. L. Heynecker, H. W. Boyer, J. H. Crosa, and S. Falkow. 1977. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene 2:95–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botstein, D., S. C. Falco, S. E. Stewart, M. Brennan, S. Scherer, D. Stinchcomb, K. Struhl, and R. W. Davis. 1979. Sterile host yeast (SHY): a eukaryotic system of biological containment for recombinant DNA experiments. Gene 8:17–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer, H. W., and D. Roulland-Dussoix. 1969. A complementation analysis of the restriction and modification of DNA in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 41:459–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broach, J. R., J. N. Strathern, and J. B. Hicks. 1979. Transformation in yeast: development of a hybrid cloning vector and isolation of the CAN1 gene. Gene 8:121–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case, M. E., M. Schweizer, S. R. Kushner, and N. H. Giles. 1980. Efficient transformation of Neurospora crassa utilizing hybrid plasmid DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5259–5263.
   Google Scholar
• Gillum, A. M., E. Y. H Tsay, and D. R. Kirsch. 1984. Isolation of the Candida albicans gene for orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase by complementation of S. cerevisiae ura3 and E. coli pyrF mutations. Mol. Gen. Genet. 198:179–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmes, D. S., and M. Quigley. 1981. A rapid boiling method for the preparation of bacterial plasmids. Anal. Biochem. 114:193–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, J., D. Culver, J. White, W. Jarvis, W. Morgan, V. Morgan, V. Munn, J. Mosser, and T. Emori. 1983. Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1980-1982. Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 32(455)d-16.
   Google Scholar
• Kakar, S. N., and P. T. Magee. 1982. Genetic analysis of Candida albicans: identification of different isoleucine-valine, methionine, and arginine alleles by complementation. J. Bacteriol. 151:1247–1252.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kakar, S. N., R. M. Partridge, and P. T. Magee. 1983. A genetic analysis of Candida albicans: isolation of a wide variety of auxotrophs and demonstration of linkage and complementation. Genetics 104:241–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunes, S., D. Botstein, and M. S. Fox. 1985. Transformation of yeast with linearized plasmid DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 184:375–387.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kurtz, M. B., M. W. Cortelyou, and D. R. Kirsch. 1986. Integrative transformation of Candida albicans, using a cloned Candida ADE2 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:142–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz, M. B., M. W. Cortelyou, S. M. Miller, M. Lai, and D. R. Kirsch. 1987. Development of autonomously replicating plasmids for Candida albicans. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:209–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon-Chung, K. J., and W. B. Hill. 1970. Studies on the pink adenine-deficient strains of Candida albicans. I. Cultural and morphological characteristics. Sabouraudia 8:48–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacDonald, F., and F. C. Odds. 1983. Virulence for mice of a proteinase-secreting strain of C. albicans and a proteinase-deficient mutant. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129:431–438.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sainbrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Messing, J. 1983. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. Part C 101:20–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, B. L., K. Y. Miller, and W. E. Timberlake. 1985. Direct and indirect gene replacements in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1714–1721.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orr-Weaver, T. L., and J. W. Szostak. 1983. Yeast recombination: the association between double-strand gap repair and crossing over. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4417–4421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr-Weaver, T. L., J. W. Szostak, and R. J. Rothstein. 1981. Yeast transformation: a model system for the study of recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:6354–6358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paietta, J. V., and G. A. Marzluf. 1985. Gene disruption by transformation in Neurospora crassa. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1554–1559.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poulter, R., V. Hanrahan, K. Jeffery, D. Markie, M. G. Shepherd, and P. A. SuUivan. 1982. Recombination analysis of naturally diploid Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 152:969–975.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poulter, R. T. M., and E. H. Rikkerink. 1983. Genetic analysis of red, adenine-requiring mutants of Candida albicans. J. Bac- teriol. 156:1066–1077.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rothstein, R. S. 1983. One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol. Part C 101:202–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph, H., I. Koenig-Rauseo, and A. Hinnen. 1985. One-step gene replacement in yeast by cotransformation. Gene 36:87–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage, N., and E. Balish. 1971. Morphology, physiology, and virulence of some mutants of Candida albicans. Infect. Immun. 3:141–148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scherer, S., and R. W. Davis. 1979. Replacement of chromosome segments with altered DNA sequences constructed in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:4951–4955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, F., G. R. Fink, and J. B. Hicks. 1983. Methods in yeast genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Shortle, D., J. Haber, and D. Botstein. 1982. Lethal disruption of the yeast actin gene by integrative transformation. Science 213:371–373.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, K., Y. Imai, I. Yamashita, and S. Fukui. 1983. In vivo ligation of linear DNA molecules to circular forms in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 155:747–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan, W. L., and P. T. Magee. 1981. Natural heterozygosity in Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 145:896–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan, W. L., R. M. Partridge, and P. T. Magee. 1980. Heterozygosity and segregation in Candida albicans. Mol. Gen. Genet. 180:107–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winston, F., D. T. Chaleff, B. Valent, and G. R. Fink. 1984. Mutations affecting Ty-mediated expression of the HIS4 gene of S. cerevisiae. Genetics 107:179–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar