Wolffish Antifreeze Protein Genes Are Primarily Organized as Tandem Repeats That Each Contain Two Genes in Inverted Orientation

LITERATURE CITED

• Benton, W. D., and R. W. Davis. 1977. Screening λgt recombinant clones by hybridization to single clones in situ. Science 196:180–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blin, N., and D. W. Stafford. 1976. A general method for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 3:2303–2308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, P. L., C. Hough, G. K. Scott, N. Ng, B. N. White, and C. L. Hew. 1984. Antifreeze protein genes of the winter flounder. J. Biol. Chem. 259:9241–9247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeVries, A. L. 1983. Antifreeze peptides and glycopeptides in coldwater fishes. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 45:245–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVries, A. L. 1984. Role of glycopeptides and peptides in inhibition of crystallization of water in polar fishes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London B 304:575–588.
   Google Scholar
• Efstratiadis, A., J. W. Posakony, T. Maniatis, R. M. Lawn, C. O’Connell, R. A. Spritz, J. K. DeRiel, B. G. Forget, S. M. Weissman, J. L. Slightom, A. E. Bleehl, O. Smithies, F. E. Baralle, C. C. Shoulders, and N. J. Proudfoot. 1980. The structure and evolution of the human β-globin gene family. Cell 21:653–668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Futcher, A. B. 1986. Copy number amplification of the 2µm circle plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Theor. Biol. 119:197–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, S. J., and N. Eldredge. 1977. Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology 3:115–151.
   Google Scholar
• Harland, W. B., and K. N. Herod. 1975. Glaciations through time, p. 189–216. In A. E. Wright and F. Moseley (ed.), Ice ages: ancient and modern. Seel House Press, Liverpool.
   Google Scholar
• Hew, C. L., G. K. Scott, and P. L. Davies. 1986. Molecular biology of antifreeze, p. 117–123. In H. C. Heller, X. J. Musac-chia, and L. C. H. Wang (ed.), Living in the cold: physiological and biochemical adaptations. Elsevier, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Li, X.-M., K.-Y. Trinh, C. L. Hew, G. B. Beuttner, J. Baenziger, and P. L. Davies. 1985. Structure of an antifreeze polypeptide and its precursor from the ocean pout, Macrozoarces ameri-canus. J. Biol. Chem. 260:12904–12909.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Messing, J. 1983. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 101:20–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passananti, C., B. Davies, M. Ford, and M. Fried. 1987. Structure of an inverted duplication formed as a first step in a gene amplification event: implications for a model of gene amplification. EMBO J. 6:1697–1703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed, K. C., and D. A. Mann. 1985. Rapid transfer of DNA from agarose gels to nylon membranes. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:7207–7221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimke, R. T. 1984. Gene amplification in cultured animal cells. Cell 37:705–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholander, P. F., L. VanDam, J. W. Kanwisher, H. T. Hammel, and M. S. Gordon. 1957. Supercooling and osmoregulation in Arctic fish. J. Cell Comp. Physiol. 49:5–24.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, G. K., P. L. Davies, M. H. Kao, and G. L. Fletcher. 1988. Differential amplification of antifreeze protein genes in the Pleuronectinae. J. Mol. Evol. 27:29–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott, G. K., G. L. Fletcher, and P. L. Davies. 1986. Fish antifreeze proteins: recent gene evolution. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1028–1034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, G. K., C. L. Hew, and P. L. Davies. 1985. Antifreeze protein genes are tandemly linked and clustered in the genome of the winter flounder. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2613–2617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southern, E. M. 1975. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98:503–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark, G. R., and G. M. Wahl. 1984. Gene amplification. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:447–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taub, R. A., G. F. Hollis, P. A. Hieter, S. Korsmeyer, T. Z. Waldmann, and P. Leder. 1983. Variable amplification of immunoglobulin λ light-chain genes in human populations. Nature (London) 304:172–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walsh, J. B. 1987. Persistence of tandem arrays: implications for satellite and simple-sequence DNAs. Genetics 115:553–567.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wyman, A. R., L. B. Wolfe, and D. Botstein. 1985. Propagation of some human DNA sequences in bacteriophage λ vectors requires mutant Escherichia coli hosts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2880–2884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen, L., and B. Moss. 1987. Oligonucleotide sequence signaling transcription termination of vaccinia virus early genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6417–6421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar