Evolution and Stability of Chromosomal DNA Coamplified with the CAD Gene

LITERATURE CITED

• Ardeshir, F., E. Giulotto, J. Zieg, O. Brisen, W. S. L. Liao, and G. Stark. 1983. Structure of amplified DNA in different Syrian hamster cell lines resistant to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:2076–2088.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biedler, J. L., C. Tien-ding, K. W. Scotto, P. W. Melera, and B. A. Spengler. 1988. Chromosomal organization of amplified genes in multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster cells. Cancer Res. 48:3179–3187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brison, O., F. Ardeshir, and G. R. Stark. 1982. General method for cloning amplified DNA by differential screening with genomic probes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:578–587.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carroll, S. M., M. L. DeRose, P. Gaudray, C. M. Moore, D. R. Needham-Vandevanter, D. D. Von Hoff, and G. M. Wahl. 1988. Double minute chromosomes can be produced from precursors derived from a chromosomal deletion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:1525–1533.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Debatisse, M., I. Saito, G. Buttin, and G. R. Stark. 1988. Preferential amplification of rearranged sequences near amplified adenylate deaminase genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:17–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Federspiel, N. A., S. M. Beverley, J. W. Schilling, and R. T. Schimke. 1984. Novel DNA rearrangements are associated with dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification. J. Biol. Chem. 259:9127–9140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford, M., B. Davies, M. Griffiths, J. Wilson, and M. Fried. 1985. Isolation of a gene within an amplified inverted duplication after “expression selection.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3370–3374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ford, M., and M. Fried. 1986. Large inverted duplications are associated with gene amplification. Cell 45:425–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giulotto, E., C. Knights, and G. R. Stark. 1987. Hamster cells with increased rates of DNA amplification, a new phenotype. Cell 48:837–845.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giulotto, E., I. Saito, and G. R. Stark. 1986. Structure of DNA formed in the first step of CAD gene amplification. EMBO J. 5:2115–2121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudkov, A. V., O. B. Chernova, A. R. Kazarov, and B. P. Kopnin. 1987. Cloning and characterization of DNA sequences amplified in multidrug-resistant Djungarian hamster and mouse cells. Somatic Cell. Mol. Genet. 13:609–619.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gudkov, A. V., and B. P. Kopnin. 1987. Gene amplification and multidrug resistance. Sov. Sci. Rev. Sect. D Physiochem. Biol. 7:95–136.
   Google Scholar
• Hyrien, O., M. Debatisse, G. Buttin, and B. Robert de Saint Vincent. 1988. The multicopy appearance of a large inverted duplication and the sequence at the inversion joint suggest a new model for gene amplification. EMBO J. 7:407–417.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kempe, T. D., E. A. Swyryd, M. Bruist, and G. R. Stark. 1976. Stable mutants of mammalian cells that overproduce the first three enzymes of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Cell 9:541–550.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma, C., J. E. Looney, T.-H. Leu, and J. L. Hamlin. 1988. Organization and genesis of dihydrofolate reductase amplicons in the genome of a methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2316–2327.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIntyre, P., and G. Stark. 1988. A quantitative method for analyzing specific DNA sequences directly from whole Cells. Anal. Biochem. 174:209–214.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meinkoth, J., A. M. Kiliary, R. E. K. Fournier, and G. M. Wahl. 1987. Unstable and stable CAD gene amplification: importance of flanking sequences and nuclear environment in gene amplification. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1415–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbantoglu, J., and M. Meuth. 1986. DNA amplificationdeletion in a spontaneous mutation of the hamster aprt locus: structure and sequence of the novel joint. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:8361–8371.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Passananti, C., B. Davies, M. Ford, and M. Fried. 1987. Structure of an inverted duplication formed as a first step in a gene amplification event: implications for a model of gene amplification. EMBO J. 6:1697–1703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rice, G. C., C. Hoy, and R. T. Schimke. 1986. Transient hypoxia enhances the frequency of dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5978–5982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito, L., and G. R. Stark. 1986. Charomids: cosmid vectors for efficient cloning and mapping of large or small restriction fragments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8664–8668.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schimke, R. T.. 1984. Gene amplification in cultured animal cells. Cell 37:705–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimke, R. T.. 1988. Gene amplification in cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263:5989–5992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigesada, K., G. R. Stark, J. A. Maley, L. A. Niswander, and J. N. Davidson. 1985. Construction of a cDNA to the hamster CAD gene and its application toward defining the domain for aspartate transcarbamylase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1735–1742.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shiloh, Y., J. Shipley, G. M. Brodeur, G. Bruns, B. Korf, T. Donlon, R. R. Schreck, R. Seeger, K. Sakai, and S. A. Latt. 1985. Differential amplification, assembly and relocation of multiple DNA sequences in human neuroblastomas and neuroblastoma cell lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3761–3765.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stark, G. R.. 1986. DNA amplification in drug resistant cells and in tumors. Cancer Surv. 5:1–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stark, G. R., and G. M. Wahl. 1984. Gene amplification. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:447–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swyryd, E. A., S. S. Seaver, and G. R. Stark. 1974. N- (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, a potent transition state analog inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase, blocks proliferation of mammalian cells in culture. J. Biol. Chem. 249:6945–6950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl, G. M., R. A. Padgett, and G. R. Stark. 1979. Gene amplification causes overproduction of the first three enzymes of UMP synthesis in N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate-resistant hamster cells. J. Biol. Chem. 254:8679–8689.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wahl, G. M., L. Vitto, R. A. Padgett, and G. R. Stark. 1982. Single-copy and amplified CAD genes in Syrian hamster chromosomes localized by a highly sensitive method for in situ hybridization. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:308–319.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zieg, J., C. E. Clayton, F. Ardeshir, E. Giulotto, E. A. Swyryd, and G. R. Stark. 1983. Properties of single-step mutants of Syrian hamster cell lines resistant to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L- aspartate. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:2089–2098.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar