E1a Transactivation of the Human HSP70 Promoter Is Mediated through the Basal Transcriptional Complex

LITERATURE CITED

• Berk, A.. 1986. Adenovirus promoters and E1a transactivation. Annu. Rev. Genet. 20:45–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat, R. A., P. H. Domer, and B. Thimmappaya. 1985. Structural requirements of adenovirus VAI RNA for its translation enhancement function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:187–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boeuf, H., D. A. Zajchowski, T. Tamura, C. Hauss, and C. Kedinger. 1987. Specific cellular proteins bind to critical promoter sequences of the adenovirus early EIIa promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:509–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breathnach, R., and P. Chambon. 1981. Organization and expression of eukaryotic split genes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50:349–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet, L. J., and A. J. Berk. 1988. Concentration dependence of transcriptional transactivation in inducible E1A-containing human cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4799–4807.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, C. C., and H. Okayama. 1987. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2745–2752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, D. A., S. Hardy, and T. Shenk. 1988. cAMP acts in synergy with E1a protein to activate transcription of the adenovirus early genes E4 and E1a. Genes & Dev. 2:1517–1528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferguson, B., B. Krippl, O. Andrisani, N. Jones, H. Westphal, and M. Rosenberg. 1985. E1a 13S and 12S mRNA products made in Escherichia coli both function as nucleus-localized transcription activators but do not directly bind DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2653–2661.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaynor, R. B., D. Hillman, and A. J. Berk. 1984. Adenovirus early region 1A protein activates transcription of a non-viral gene introduced into mammalian cells by infection or transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1193–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman, C. H., G. T. Merlino, M. C. Willingham, I. Pastan, and B. H. Howard. 1982. The Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat is a strong promoter when introduced into a variety of eukarvotic cells bv DNA-mediated transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:6777–6781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, M. R., R. Treisman, and T. Maniatis. 1983. Transcriptional activation of cloned human β-globin genes by viral immediate-early gene products. Cell 35:137–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, J. M., Z. Larin, I. C. A. Taylor, H. Prentice, K. A. Gwinn, and R. E. Kingston. 1987. Multiple basal elements of a human hsp70 promoter function differently in human and rodent cell lines. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3646–3655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haltiner, M., T. Kempe, and R. Tjian. 1985. A novel strategy for constructing clustered point mutations. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:1015–1025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hattori, M., and Y. Sakaki. 1986. Dideoxy sequencing method using denatured plasmid templates. Anal. Biochem. 152:232–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeffler, W. K., R. Kovelman, and R. G. Roeder. 1988. Activation of transcription factor IIIC by the adenovirus E1a protein. Cell 53:907–920.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hurst, H. C., and N. C. Jones. 1987. Identification of factors that interact with the E1a-inducible adenovirus E3 promoter. Genes & Dev. 1:1132–1146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kao, H., and J. R. Nevins. 1983. Transcriptional activation and subsequent control of the human heat shock gene during adenovirus infection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:2058–2065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovesdi, L., R. Reichel, and J. R. Nevins. 1987. Role of an adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor in E1a-mediated coordinate gene control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:2180–2184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieg, P. A., and D. A. Melton. 1987. In vitro RNA synthesis with SP6 RNA polymerase. Methods Enzymol. 155:397–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaThangue, N. B., and P. W. J. Rigby. 1988. Trans-acting protein factors and the regulation of eukaryotic transcription, p. 1–42. In B. D. Hames, and D. M. Glover (ed.). Transcription and splicing. IRL Press Ltd., Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K. A. W., and M. R. Green. 1987. A cellular transcription factor E4F1 interacts with an E1a-inducible enhancer and mediates constitutive enhancer function in vitro. EMBO J. 6:1345–1353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. A. W., T. Hai, L. SivaRaman, B. Thimmappaya, H. C. Hurst, N. C. Jones, and M. R. Green. 1987. A cellular protein, activating transcription factor, activates transcription of multiple E1a-inducible adenovirus early promoters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8355–8359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong, K., L. Brunet, and A. J. Berk. 1988. Factors responsible for the higher transcriptional activity of extracts of adenovirus- infected cells fractionate with the TATA box transcription factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:1765–1774.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin, Y., and M. R. Green. 1988. Interaction of a common cellular transcription factor. ATF. with regulatory elements in both E1a- and cyclic AMP-inducible promoters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3396–3400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKnight, S. L., E. R. Gavis, and R. Kingsbury. 1981. Analysis of transcriptional regulatory signals of the HSV thymidine kinase gene: identification of an upstream control region. Cell 25:385–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKnight, S. L., and R. Kingsbury. 1982. Transcriptional control signals of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene. Science 217:316–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing, J.. 1983. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 101C:20–78.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, W. D., G. T. Williams, R. I. Morimoto, J. Greene, R. E. Kingston, and R. Tjian. 1987. Two transcriptional activators. CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor and heat shock transcription factor, interact with a human hsp70 gene promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1129–1138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosser, D. D., N. G. Theodorakis, and R. I. Morimoto. 1988. Coordinate changes in heat shock element-binding activity and HSP70 gene transcription rates in human cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4736–4744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy, S. C. S., G. P. Bhat, and B. Thimmappaya. 1985. Adenovirus EIIa early promoter: transcriptional control elements and induction by the viral pre-early E1a gene, which appears to be sequence independent. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2230–2234.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakamaye, K. L., and F. Eckstein. 1986. Inhibition of restriction endonuclease Nci I cleavage by phosphorothioate groups and its application to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:9679–9698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevins, J. R.. 1982. Induction of the synthesis of a 70.000 dalton mammalian heat shock protein by the adenovirus E1a gene product. Cell 29:913–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raychaudhuri, P., R. Rooney, and J. R. Nevins. 1987. Identification of an E1a-inducible cellular factor that interacts with regulatory sequences within the adenovirus E4 promoter. EMBO 6:4073–4081.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rice, A. P., and M. B. Mathews. 1988. Transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequences, expressed in an adenovirus vector, by the adenovirus 13S protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4200–4204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simon, M. C., T. M. Fisch, B. J. Benecke, J. R. Nevins, and N. Heintz. 1988. Definition of multiple, functionally distinct TATA elements, one of which is a target in the hsp70 promoter for E1a regulation. Cell 52:723–729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SivaRaman, L., S. Subramanian, and B. Thimmappaya. 1986. Identification of a factor in HeLa cells specific for an upstream transcriptional control sequence of an E1a-inducible adenovirus promoter and its relative abundance in infected and uninfected cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5914–5918.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SivaRaman, L., and B. Thimmappaya. 1987. Two promoter specific host factors interact with adjacent sequences in an E1a-inducible adenovirus promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6112–6116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Southern, P. J., and P. Berg. 1982. Transformation of mammalian cells to antibiotic resistance with a bacterial gene under the control of the SV40 early region promoter. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:327–341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Svensson, C., and G. Akusjarvi. 1984. Adenovirus 2 early region 1A stimulates expression of both viral and cellular genes. EMBO J. 3:789–794.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Treisman, R., M. R. Green, and T. Maniatis. 1983. Cis- and trans-activation of globin gene transcription in transient assays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:7428–7432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasylyk, B.. 1988. Transcription elements and factors of RNA polymerase B promoters of higher eukaryotes. Crit. Rev. Biochem. 23:77–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks, D. L., and N. C. Jones. 1983. E1a control of gene expression is mediated by sequences 5′ to the transcriptional starts of the early viral genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:1222–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks, D. L., and N. C. Jones. 1985. E3-early promoter sequences required for activation by E1a. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:5389–5402.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu, B., C. Hunt, and R. Morimoto. 1985. Structure and expression of the human gene encoding major heat shock protein HSP70. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:330–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, B. J., and R. I. Morimoto. 1985. Transcription of the human hsp70 gene is induced by serum stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6070–6074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, B. J., H. C. Hurst, N. C. Jones, and R. I. Morimoto. 1986. The E1a 13S product of adenovirus 5 activates transcription of the cellular human hsp70 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2994–2999.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu, B. J., R. E. Kingston, and R. I. Morimoto. 1986. Human hsp70 promoter contains at least two distinct regulatory domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:629–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, B. J., G. T. Williams, and R. I. Morimoto. 1987. Detection of three protein binding sites in the serum-regulated promoter of the human gene encoding the 70-kDa heat shock protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:2203–2207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, L., D. S. E. Rosser, M. C. Schmidt, and A. Berk. 1987. A TATA box implicated in E1a transcriptional activation of a simple adenovirus 2 promoter. Nature (London) 326:512–515.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar