LITERATURE CITED
- Andrews, D. F., and S. J. Collins. 1987. Heterogeneity in expression of the bcr-abl fusion transcript in CML blast crisis. Leukemia 1:718–724.
- Aviv, H., and P. Leder. 1972. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:1408–1412.
- Chu, M. L., J. C. Myers, M. P. Bernard, J. F. Ding, and F. Ramirez. 1982. Cloning and characterization of five overlapping cDNAs specific for the human pro a(I)collagen chain. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:5925–5933.
- Cleveland, D., M. Lopata, R. MacDonald, N. Cowan, W. Rutter, and M. Kirschner. 1985. Number and evolutionary conservation of alpha and beta tubulin and cytoplasmic beta and gamma actin genes using specific cloned cDNA probes. Cell 20:95–104.
- Creusot, F., G. Acs, and J. Christman. 1982. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and induction of Friend erythroleukemia cell differentiation by 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. J. Biol. Chem. 257:2041–2048.
- Dexter, T. M., T. D. Allen, and L. G. Lajtha. 1977. Conditions controlling the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 91:335–344.
- Dugaiczyk, A., J. A. Haron, E. M. Stone, O. E. Dennison, K. N. Rothblum, and R. J. Schwartz. 1983. Cloning and sequencing of a deoxyribonucleic acid copy of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from chick muscle. Biochemistry 22:1605–1613.
- Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein. 1983. A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 132:6–13.
- Fernandez, M. P., M. F. Young, and M. E. Sobel. 1985. Methylation of type II and type 1 collagen genes in differentiated and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 260:2374–2378.
- Fort, F., L. Marty, M. Piichaczyk, S. El Sabrouty, C. Dani, P. Jeanteur, and J. M. Blanchard. 1985. Various rat adult tissues express only one major mRNA species from the glyceralde- hyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase multigenic family. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:1431–1442.
- Glover, A., and B. Leyland-Jones. 1987. Biochemistry of azacytidine: a review. Cancer Treat. Rep. 71:959–964.
- Groudine, M., and K. Conklin. 1985. Chromatin structure and de novo methylation of sperm DNA: implications for activation of the parental genome. Science 228:1061–1068.
- Hsiao, W. W., S. Gattoni-Celli, P. Kirschmeier, and I. B. Weinstein. 1989. Effects of 5-azacytidine on methylation and expression of specific DNA sequences in C3H 10T1/2 cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:634–641.
- Ishii, S., Y. H. Xu, R. Stratton, B. Roe, G. Merlino, and I. Paston. 1985. Characterization and sequence of the promoter region of the human epidermal growth factor receptor gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4920–4924.
- Jones, P.. 1985. Altering gene expression with 5-azacytidine. Cell 40:485–486.
- Jones, P.. 1986. DNA methylation and cancer. Cancer Res. 46:461–466.
- Kim, S., D. Moores, D. David, J. Respess, D. Jolly, and T. Friedmann. 1986. The organization of the human HPRT gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:3103–3118.
- Kohase, M., D. Henriksen-DeStefano, L. T. May, J. Vilcek, and P. B. Sehgal. 1986. Induction of beta 2-interferon by tumor necrosis factor: a hemeostatic mechanism in the control of cell proliferation. Cell 45:659–666.
- Konieczny, S. F., and C. P. Emerson. 1984. 5-Azacytidine induction of stable mesodermal stem cell lineages from 10T1/2 cells: evidence for regulatory genes controlling determination. Cell 38:791–800.
- Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1983. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor. N.Y.
- Meijer, D., A. Hermans, M. von Lindern, T. van Agthoven, A. de Klein, P. Mackenback, A. Grootegoed, D. Talarico, G. Valle, and G. Grosveld. 1987. Molecular characterization of the testes specific c-abl mRNA in mouse. EMBO J. 6:4041–4048.
- Nemunaitis, J. J., D. F. Andrews, C. Crittenden, K. Kaushansky, and J. W. Singer. 1989. The response of simian virus 40 (SV40) transformed, cultured human marrow stromal cells to hematopoietic growth factors. J. Clin. Invest. 83:593–601.
- Oppi, C., S. K. Shore, and E. P. Reddy. 1987. Nucleotide sequence of testis-derived c-abl cDNA's: implications for testisspecific transcription and abl oncogene activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8200–8204.
- Pinney, D. F., S. H. Pearson-White, S. F. Konieczny, K. E. Latham, and C. P. Emerson. 1988. Myogenic lineage determination and differentiation: evidence for a regulatory pathway. Cell 53:781–793.
- Ponzetto, C., and D. J. Wolgemuth. 1985. Haploid expression of a unique c-abl transcript in the mouse male germ line. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1791–1794.
- Reeves, R., T. S. Elton, M. S. Nissen, D. Lehn, and K. R. Johnson. 1987. Posttranscriptional gene regulation and specific binding of the nonhistone protein HMG-I by the 5′ untranslated region of bovine interleukin 2 cDNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6531–6535.
- Rigby, W., M. Dieckmann, C. Rhodes, and P. Berg. 1977. Labelling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J. Mol. Biol. 113:237–258.
- Shaw, G., and R. Kamen. 1986. A conserved AU sequence from the 3′ untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell 46:659–667.
- Shtivelman, E., B. Lifschitz, R. P. Gale, B. A. Roe, and E. Canaani. 1986. Alternative splicing of RNAs transcribed from the bcr-abl fused gene. Cell 47:227–284.
- Singer, J., P. Charbord, A. Keating, J. Nemunaitis, G. Raugi, T. Wight, J. Lopez, G. Roth, L. Dow, and P. Fialkow. 1987. Simian virus 40-transformed adherent cells from human long-term marrow cultures: cloned cell lines produce cells with stromal and hematopoietic characteristics. Blood 70:464–474.
- Singer-Sam, J., D. Keith, K. Tani, R. Simmer, L. Shively, S. Lindsay, A. Yoshida, and A. Rigges. 1984. Sequence of the promoter region of the gene from human X-linked 3-phospho- glycerate kinase. Gene 32:409–417.
- Stein, R., N. Sciaky-Gallili, A. Razin, and H. Cedar. 1983. Pattern of methylation of two genes coding for housekeeping functions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:2422–2426.
- Takahashi, M., H. Yamada, M. A. Bean, and J. W. Singer. 1986. Helper (T4) T cells from human T cell colonies produce potent colony-stimulating activity. Int. J. Cell Cloning 4:406–414.
- Taylor, S. M., and P. A. Jones. 1982. Changes in phenotypic expression in embryonic and adult cells treated with 5-azacyti- dine. J. Cell. Physiol. 111:187–194.
- Valerio, D., M. Duyvesteyn, B. Dekker, G. Weeda, T. Berkverns, L. van der Voorn, H. van Ormaondt, and A. van der Erb. 1985. Adenosine deaminase: characterization and expression of a gene with a remarkable promoter. EMBO J. 4:437–443.
- Wang, J. Y. J., and D. Baltimore. 1983. Cellular RNA homologous to the Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming gene: expression and relationship to the viral sequence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:773–779.
- Zilberstein, A., R. Ruggieri, J. H. Korn, and M. Revel. 1986. Structure and expression of cDNA and genes for human inter- feron-β-2. a distinct species inducible by growth-stimulatory cytokines. EMBO J. 5:2529–2537.