266
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Gender, Education, Family Structure, And The Allocation Of Labor In Iran

&
Pages 1250008-1-1250008-40 | Received 20 Dec 2010, Accepted 10 Aug 2012, Published online: 12 Feb 2014

References

  • Aaronson, S., B. Fallick, A. Figura, J. Pingle and W. Wascher. 2006. “The recent decline in the labor force participation rate and its implications for potential labor supply.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1: 69–134.
  • Abbasi-Shavazi, M.-J., W. Lutz, M. Hosseini-Chavoshi and K. C. Samir. 2008. “Education and the world’s most rapid fertility decline in Iran.” Interim Report IR-08–010. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
  • Acemoglu, D. and J. D. Angrist. 2000. “How large are human capital externalities? Evidence from compulsory schooling laws.” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, pp. 9–59. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Acemoglu, D., D. H. Autor and D. Lyle. 2004. “Women, war and wages: The effect of female labor supply on labor market outcomes.” Journal of Political Economy, 112(3): 497–551.
  • Addison, Tony. 1993. “Employment and Earnings.” In Understanding the Social Effects of Policy Reform, eds. L. Demery, M. Ferroni, C. Grootaert and J. Wong-Valle. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  • Afshar, H. and C. Dennis, eds. 1995. Women and Adjustment Policies in the Third World. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Alizadeh, P. ed. 2000. “The state and the social position of women: Female employment in post-revolutionary Iran.” in The Economy of Iran: The Dilemmas of an Islamic State, pp. 261–287. London: I.B. Tauru.
  • Assaad, R. and M. Arntz. 2005. “Constrained geographical mobility and gendered labor market outcomes under structural adjustment: Evidence from Egypt.” World Development, 33(3): 431–454.
  • Assaad, R. and S. Zouari. 2003. “Estimating the impact of marriage and fertility on the female labor force participation when decisions are interrelated: Evidence from Urban Morocco.” Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies (Electronic Journal), 5. Middle East Economic Association and Loyola University Chicago. Available at http://www.luc.edu/publications/academic/ (last accessed 15 November 2011).
  • Bagheri, F., A. A. Yazdi, A.-A. Banooii and H. Varmozyar. 2002. “How to measure the informal sector in Iran.” Statistical Research and Training Center, Tehran, Iran. Available at http://www.srtc.ac.ir/en/informal_sector.html (last accessed 15 November 2011).
  • Bahramita.sh, R. and H. S. Esfahani. 2009. “Nimble fingers no longer! Women’s employment in Iran.” in Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Politics, ed. A. Gheissari. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bahramita.sh, R. and H. S. Esfahani. 2011. “The transformation of female labor market.” in Veiled Employment: Islamism and a Political Economy of Women’s Employment in Iran, eds. R. Bahramitash and H. S. Esfahani. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
  • Beneria, L. 2003. Gender, Development and Globalization. London: Routledge.
  • Bertrand, M., C. Goldin and L. F. Katz. 2009. “Dynamics of the gender gap for young professionals in the corporate and financial sectors.” NBER Working Paper No. 14681.
  • Bloom, D., D. Canning, G. Fink and J. Finlay. 2009. “Fertility, female labor force participation, and the demographic dividend.” Journal of Economic Growth, 14(2): 79–101.
  • Boserup, E. 1970. Woman’s Role in Economic Development. London: Allen and Unwin.
  • Bratti, M. 2003. “Labour force participation and marital fertility of Italian women: The role of education.” Journal of Population Economics, 16(3): 525–554.
  • Burtless, G. and L. F. Katz. 2006. “The recent decline in the labor force participation rate and its implications for potential labor supply: Comments and discussion.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1: 135–154.
  • Cain, G. G. 1966. Labor Force Participation of Married Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Cavalcanti, T. V. de V. and J. Tavares. 2008. “Assessing the ‘Engines of Liberation’: Home appliances and female labor force participation.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(1): 81–88.
  • Chioda, L. 2011. Work and Family: Latin America and Caribbean Women in Search of a New Balance. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
  • Coen-Pirani, D., A. Leon and S. Lugauer. 2010. “The effect of household appliances on female labor force participation: Evidence from microdata.” Labour Economics, 17(3): 503–513.
  • Connelly, R., D. S. DeGraff, D. Levison and B. P. McCall. 2006. “Tackling the endogeneity of fertility in the study of women’s employment in developing countries: Alternative estimation strategies using data from Urban Brazil.” Feminist Economics, 12(4): 561–597.
  • Duflo, E. 2001. “Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an unusual policy experiment.” American Economic Review, 91(4): 795–812.
  • Duflo, E. 2004. “The medium run effects of educational expansion: Evidence from a large school construction program in Indonesia.” Journal of Development Economics, 74(1): 163–197.
  • Duryea, S., A. C. Edwards and M. Ureta. 2001. “Women in the LAC labor market: The remarkable 1990s.” Women in Development Working Paper, Washington, DC, United States: Inter-American Development Bank.
  • The Economist. 2011. “Special report: Women and work.” The Economist, 26th November. London, UK.
  • Evans, M. D. R. 1988. “Working wives in Australia: Influences of the life cycle, education, and feminist ideology.” in Australian Attitudes: Social and Political Analyses from the National Social Science Survey, eds. J. Kelley and C. Bean, 147–162. Melbourne: Allen & Unwin.
  • Evertsson, M., P. England, I. Mooi-Reci, J. Hermsen, J. de Bruijn and D. Cotter. 2009. “Is gender inequality greater at lower or higher educational levels? Common patterns in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States.” Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 16(2): 210–241.
  • Forsythe, N., R. P. Korzeniewicz and V. Durrant. 2000. “Gender inequalities and economic growth: A longitudinal evaluation.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(3): 573–617.
  • Goldin, C. 2006. “The quiet revolution that transformed women’s employment, education, and family.” American Economic Review, 96(2): 1–20.
  • GundtFz-Hogör, A. and J. Smits. 2008. “Variation in labor market participation of married women in Turkey.” Women’s Studies International Forum, 31: 104–117.
  • Hashimoto, Y. and S. Miyagawa. 2008. “Why the female labor force participation rate in metropolitan areas is low: A reexamination of the current situation and of the issues.” Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI), Discussion Paper No. 08043 (in Japanese). Available at http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/08j043.pdf (last accessed 15 November 2011).
  • Heckman, J. J. 1974. “Shadow prices, market wages, and labor supply.” Econometrica, 42(4): 679–694.
  • Heckman, J. 1980. Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Herr, J. L. and C. Wolfram. 2009. “Opt-out rates at motherhood across high-education career paths: Selection versus work environment.” NBER Working Paper 14717.
  • Hijab, N. 2001. “Women and work in the Arab World.” in Women and Power in the Middle East, eds. S. Joseph and S. Slyomovics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Inglehart, R. F. and P. Norris. 2003. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Isen, A. and B. Stevenson. 2010. “Women’s education and family behavior: Trends in marriage, divorce and fertility.” NBER Working Paper, No. w15725.
  • Karshenas, M. 2001. “Economic liberalization, competitiveness and women’s employment in the middle east and North Africa.” in Labor and Human Capital in the Middle East: Studies of Labor Markets and Household Behavior, ed. D. Salehi-Isfahani. Reading, UK: Ithaca Press.
  • Keane, M. P. and K. I. Wolpin. 2002. “Estimating welfare effects consistent with forward looking behavior. An article in two parts.” Journal of Human Resources, 37(3): 570–599.
  • Klerman, J. A. and A. Leibowitz. 1994. “The work-employment distinction among new mothers.” Journal of Human Resources, 29(2): 277–303.
  • Lincove, J. A. 2008. “Growth, girl’s education, and female labor: A longitudinal analysis.” Journal of Developing Areas, 41(2): 45–68.
  • Majbouri, M. 2010. “Against the wind: Labor force participation of women and economic instability in Iran.” Manuscript, University of Southern California.
  • Mehran, G. 2003. “The paradox of tradition and modernity in female education in the Islamic republic of Iran.” Comparative Education Review, 47(3): 269–286.
  • Mehryar, A. H., G. Farjadi and M. Tabibian. 2004. “Labor force participation of women in the contemporary Iran.” in Women in Iran from 1800 to Islamic Republic, eds. L. Beck and G. Nashat, pp. 182–203. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Mincer, J. 1962. “Labor force participation of married women: A study of labor supply.” in Aspects of Labor Economics: A Conference. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Moffitt, R. 1984. “Profiles of fertility, labour supply and wages of married women: A complete life-cycle model.” Review of Economic Studies, 51(2): 263–278.
  • Moghadam, F. E. 2004. “Women and labour in the islamic republic of Iran.” in Women in Iran from 1800 to Islamic Republic, eds. L. Beck and G. Nashat, pp. 163–181. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Moghadam, F. E. 2009. “Undercounting women’s work in Iran.” Iranian Studies, 42(1): 81–95.
  • Moghadam, V. M. 2000. “Women’s socio-economic participation and Iran’s changing political economy.” in The Economy of Iran: The Dilemmas of an Islamic State, ed. P. Alizadeh, 233–260. London: I.B. Taurus.
  • Moghadam, V. M. 2005. “Gender and social policy: Family law and women’s economic citizenship in the middle east.” International Review of Public Administration, 10(1): 23–44.
  • Psacharopoulos, G. and Z. Tzannatos. 1989. “Female labor force participation: An international perspective.” World Bank Research Observer, 4(2): 187–201.
  • Ru, W. and W. Robert. 1999. “Industrialization, female labor force participation, and the modern division of labor by sex.” Industrial Relations, 38(4): 504–521.
  • Rezai-Rshti, G. M. and S. James. 2009. “Women and higher education in post-revolutionary Iran: Unsettling policies and unanticipated outcomes.” in Race, Ethnicity and Gender in Education: Cross-Cultural Understandings, eds. J. Zajda and K. Freeman, pp. 45–58. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Robinson, J. 2005. “Female labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa.” Wharton Research Scholars Journal, University of Pennsylvania. Available at http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton research scholars/28 (last accessed 15 November 2011).
  • Ross, M. 2008. “Oil, islam, and women.” American Political Science Review, 102(1): 1–18.
  • Rostami Povey, E. 2005. “Women and work in Iran.” State of Nature (1). Available at http://www.stateofnature.org/womenAndWork.html (last accessed 15 November 2011).
  • Sackey, H. A. 2005. “Female labour force participation in Ghana: The effects of education.” AERC Research, Paper 150, African Economic Research Consortium, University of Manitoba, September.
  • Salehi-Isfahani, D. 2005. “Labor force participation of women in Iran, 1987–2001.” Manuscript, Department of Economics, Virginia Tech.
  • Salehi-Isfahani, D. 2006. “Microeconomics of growth in MENA: The role Of households.” in Explaining Growth in Middle East, Contributions to Economic Analysis, eds. J. B. Nugent and M. H. Pesaran, Vol. 278, pp. 159–195. London: Elsevier.
  • Salehi-Isfahani, D. and M. Marku. 2006. “Women and market work in Iran: A cohort approach.” Manuscript, Department of Economics, Virginia Tech.
  • Schultz, T. P. 1990. “Women’s changing participation in the labour force: A world perspective.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 38(3): 457–488.
  • Scott, J. W. and L. Tilly. 1975. “Women’s work and family in nineteenth-century Europe.” Comparative Study of Society and History, 17: 36–64.
  • Spierings, N. and J. Smits. 2007. “Women’s labour market participation in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia: A three-level analysis.” Paper Prepared for the IZA-World Bank Conference on Employment and Development, 8th/9th June.
  • Tansel, A. 2001. “Economic development and female labor force participation in Turkey: Time-series evidence and cross-province estimates.” ERC Working Paper, No. 105, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • World Bank. 2007. The Environment for Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Washington, DC: World Bank, Middle East and North Africa Region.
  • World Bank. 2009. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
  • World Bank. 2012. World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.