Vacuum Conditions and Microwave Output Characteristics of a Vertical Extraction Vircator

References

• Mahaffey , R. A. , Sprangle , P. , Golden , J. and Kapetanakos , C. A. 1977 . High-power microwaves from a nonisochronic reflecting electron system . ” Phys. Rev. Lett. , 39 ( No. 13 ) : 843 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• Burkhart , S. C. , Scarpetti , R. D. and Lundberg , R. L. 1985 . A virtualcathode reflex triode for high-power microwave generation . J. Appl. Phys. , 58 ( No. 1 ) : 28 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , H. A. , Bartsch , R. R. , Thode , L. E. , Sherwood , E. G. and Stringfield , R. M. 1985 . High-power microwave generation from a virtual cathode device . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 55 ( No. 21 ) : 2293 – 2296 .
   Google Scholar
• Benford , J. , Sze , H. , Woo , W. and Harteneck , B. 1986 . Virtual-cathode oscillator emission by a pinched diode . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 56 ( No. 4 ) : 344 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Sze , H. , Benford , J. , Woo , W. and Harteneck , B. 1986 . Dynamics of a virtual cathode oscillator driven by a pinched diode . Phys. Fluids , 29 ( No. 11 ) : 3873 – 3880 .
   Google Scholar
• Haworth , M. , Adler , R. , Anderson , B. , Connaughton , M. , Dungan , W. , Enns , J. , Metz , J. , Pelletier , P. , Platt , R. , Polaco , J. , Rupp , R. , Thode , L. and Voss , D. 1991 . Experimental observation of two microwave radiation mechanisms with widely separated frequencies during the output pulse of a high-voltage virtual cathode oscillator . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 59 ( No. 4 ) : 408 – 410 .
   Google Scholar
• Child , C. D. 1911 . Discharge from Hot CaO . Phys. Rev. , 32 ( No. 5 ) : 492 – 511 .
   Google Scholar
• Langmuir , I. 1913 . The effect of space charge and residual gases on thermionic currents in high vacuum . Phys. Rev. , 2 ( No. 6 ) : 450 – 486 .
   Google Scholar
• Birdsall , C. K. and Bridges , W. B. 1966 . Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions , Academic Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Bogdankevich , L. S. and Rukhadze , A. A. 1971 . Stability of relativistic electron beams in a plasma and the problem of critical currents . Sov. Phys. Usp. , 14 ( No. 2 )
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan , D. J. 1983 . High power microwave generation from a virtual cathode oscillator (Vircator) . IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. , 30 ( No. 7 ) : 3426 – 3428 .
   Google Scholar
• Price , D. , Fittinghoff , D. , Benford , J. , Sze , H. and Woo , W. 1988 . Operational features and microwave characteristics of the Vircator II experiment . IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , 16 ( No. 2 ) : 177 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Woo , W.-Y. 1987 . Two-dimensional features of virtual cathode and microwave emission . Phys. Fluids , 30 ( No. 1 ) : 239 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , H. A. , Bartsch , R. R. , Kwan , T. J. T. , Sherwood , E. G. and Stringfield , R. M. 1988 . Experimental confirmation of the reditron concept . IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , 16 ( No. 2 ) : 192 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Hwang , C. S. and Wu , M. W. 1993 . A high power microwave Vircator with an enhanced efficiency . IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , 21 ( No. 2 ) : 239 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Choi , E.-H. , Choi , M.-C. , Jung , Y. , Chong , M.-W. , Ko , J.-J. , Seo , Y. , Cho , G. , Uhm , H. S. and Suk , H. 2000 . High-power microwave generation from an axially extracted virtual cathode oscillator . IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , 28 ( No. 6 ) : 2128 – 2134 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , L. , Men , T. , Liu , L. and Wen , J. 2007 . Dynamics of virtual cathode oscillation analyzed by impedance changes in high-power diodes . J. Appl. Phys. , 102 ( No. 12 )
   Google Scholar
• Agee , F. J. 1998 . Evolution of pulse shortening research in narrow band, high power microwave sources . IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , 26 ( No. 3 ) : 235 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Mankowski , J. J. , Chen , Y. J. , Gale , R. , Walter , J. and Kristiansen , M. 2006 . “ Solid metal cathodes for a virtual cathode oscillator ” . In Lubbock, Texas: Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Departments of Electrical & , Computer Engineering and Physics, Texas Tech. University .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. , Mankowski , J. , Walter , J. and Kristiansen , M. 2007 . Cathode and anode optimization in a virtual cathode oscillator . IEEE Trans. Dielect. Elect. Insulation , 14 ( No. 4 ) : 1037 – 1044 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , L. , Liu , L. , Wen , J. and Liu , Y. 2009 . Effects of CsI coating of carbon fiber cathodes on the microwave emission from a triode virtual cathode oscillator . IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. , 37 ( No. 1 ) : 15 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Dubinov , A. E. 2004 . The simulation of a beam-plasma discharge with the beam current exceeding the limiting vacuum current . High Temperature , 42 ( No. 5 ) : 675 – 681 .
   Google Scholar
• Selemir , V. D. , Dubinov , A. E. , Ptitsyn , B. G. , Evseenko , A. A. , Letyagin , V. A. , Nurgaliev , R. K. , Suvorov , V. G. and Sudovtsov , A. V. 2001 . The influence of vacuum conditions on the microwave generation in a vircator . Tech. Phys. Lett. , 27 ( No. 11 ) : 967 – 969 .
   Google Scholar