Size-Governed Dielectric Properties of Matrix-Isolated and Percolating Mesoscopic Conductors

References

• Nimtz , G. , Marquardt , P. , Stauffer , D. and Weiss , W. 1988 . Raoult's law and the melting point depression in mesoscopic systems . Science , 242 : 1671 – 1672 . For the size effect on the melting temperature, see, e.g., the references cited in:
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquardt , P. and Nimtz , G. 1989 . The size-induced metal-insulator transition and related electron interference phenomena in modern microelectronics . Advances in Solid State Physics , 29 : 317 – 328 . ed. by U. Rössler, Vieweg Braunschweig, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Perenboom , J. A. A. J. , Wyder , P. and Meier , F. 1981 . Electronic Properties of small metallic particles . Physics Reports , 78 : 173 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperin , W. P. 1986 . auantum size effects in metal particles,” Rev. Modern Phys. , 58 : 533 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince , L. M. 1977 . Microemulsions, Theory and Practice , N. Y : Academic Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Björnholm , S. 1990 . Clusters, condensed matter in embryonic form . Contemp. Physics , 31 : 309 – 324 . Here, Cluster refers to an aggregate of particles (not to be confused with aggregates of atoms forming clusters in the nm range, see, e.g
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yatsuya , S. , Tsukasaki , Y. , Mihama , K. and Uyeda , R. 1978 . Preparation of extremely fine particles by vacuum evaporation onto a running oil surface . J. Crystal Growth , 45 : 490 – 494 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquardt , P. , Börngen , L. , Nimtz , G. , Sonnberger , R. , Gleiter , H. and Zhu , J. 1986 . Microwave absorption by small metal particles . Physics Letters , 114A : 39 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Dupree , R. and Smithard , M. A. 1972 . The electronic properties of small metal particles: The electric polarizability . J. Physics , C5 : 408 – 414 .
   Google Scholar
• Brinker , C. J. and Scherer , G. 1990 . Sol-Gel Science, the Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing , Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schubert , U. , Amberg-Schwab , S. and Breitscheidel , B. 1989 . Small metal particles in ceramic matrices by sol-gel processing of metal complexes . Chem. Mater. , 1 : 576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerc , J. P. , Giraud , G. , Laugier , J. M. and Luck , J. M. 1990 . The electrical conductivity of binary disordered systems, percolation clusters, fractals and related models . Advances in Physics , 39 : 191 – 309 . For a review see, e.g
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelster , R. , Marquardt , P. , Nimtz , G. , Enders , A. , Eifert , H. , Friederich , K. and Petzoldt , F. The realization of dielectrics with a metal-like dispersion submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Pfund , A. H. 1930 . Bismuth-black and its applications . Phys. Rev. , 35 : 1434 The history of “metal blacks” dates back to the pioneering experiments of A. H. Pfund with Bi:
   Google Scholar
• Kendall , K. 1980 . Sticky solids . Contemp. Phys. , 21 : 277 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binggeli , B. , Marquardt , P. , Nimtz , G. and Pelster , R. Aug. 15–19 1988 . “ Low-frequency spectroscopy of the metal-insulator transition in 3D confinements ” . In Proc, of the 19^th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors Vol. 1 , Aug. 15–19 , 79 – 82 . Warsaw ; ed. W. Zawadzki), Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1988
   Google Scholar
• Pelster , R. , Galeczki , G. , Nimtz , G. and Pissis , P. 1991 . Frequency-dependent processes in dispersed systems of mesoscopic particles . J. Non-Crystalline Solids , 131–133 : 238 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimtz , G. , Dornhaus , R. , Schifferdecker , M. , Shih , I. and Tyssen , E. 1978 . Dielectric properties of multilayers of solids and liquids at microwave frequencies . Journal of Physics E, Scientific Instruments , 11 : 1109 – 1112 .
   Google Scholar
• Enders , A. 1989 . An accurate measurement technique for line properties, junction effects, and dielectric and magnetic material parameters . IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , 37 : 598 – 605 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• For reviews on effective media see, e.g ., van Beek L. K. H. , in: Progress in Dielectrics , 1967 Vol. 7 69 114 ETOPIM 1, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 40, (eds. J. C. Garland and D. B. Tanner); American Institute of Physics, N. Y., 1978; ETOPIM 2, Physica A, Vol. 157, No. 1, 1989; Nelson, S. O., and T. S. You, “Relationships between microwave permittivities of solid and pulverised plastics,” J. Phys. D, Vol. 23, 346–353, 1990; Dukhin, S. S., “Dielectric properties of disperse systems,” Surf. and Colloid Science, Vol. 3, 83–165, 1971 .
   Google Scholar
• Looyenga , H. 1965 . Dielectric constants of heterogeneous mixtures . Physica , 31 : 401 – 406 . ; this formula is found as well (but in a less practicable form) in the textbook Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 8 (Electrodynamics of Continuous Media,) 45–47, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1960
   Google Scholar
• Stölzle , S. to be published
   Google Scholar
• Wiener , O. 1912 . Theorie des Mischkörpers für das Feld der stationären Strömung , Vol. 32 , 509 – 604 . Abhandlungen der Schsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse . “Theory of the mixed body for the field of stationary flow”
   Google Scholar
• Marquardt , P. and Nimtz , G. 1991 . Size-dependent dielectric response of small metal particles . Phys. Rev. B , 43 : 14245 – 14247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquardt , P. and Nimtz , G. 1989 . Size-governed electromagnetic absorption by metal particles . Phys. Rev. B , 40 : 7996 – 7998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , M. J. , Schneider , W. R. and Strässler , S. 1973 . Electronic properties of very small metallic particles and thin films . Phys. Rev. B , 8 : 474 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burtscher , H. and Schmidt-Ott , A. 1982 . Enormous enhancement of van der Waals forces between silver particles . Phys. Rev. Letters , 48 : 1734 – 1737 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khmel'nitskii , D. E. 1980 . Anderson localization in a flow structure . JETP Lett. , 32 ( No. 3 ) : 229 – 232 . The closest theoretical approach to the dielectric properties of a nanocrystal network seems to be the Anderson dielectric, see
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gor'kov , L. P. and Eliashberg , M. 1965 . Minute metallic particles in an electromagnetic field . Soviet Physics JETP , 21 : 940 – 947 .
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer , F. C. to be published
   Google Scholar
• Marquardt , P. and Nimtz , G. 1987 . On electron confinement effects and the ultimate size reduction in semiconductor devices . Semiconductor Science and Technology , 2 : 833 – 834 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , M. A. , Randall , J. N. , Aggarwal , R. J. , Matyi , R. J. , Moore , T. M. and Wetsel , A. E. 1988 . Observation of discrete electronic states in a zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructure . Phys. Rev. Letters , 60 : 535 – 537 . Sikorski, C., and U. Merkt, “Spectroscopy of electronic states in InSb quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. Letters, Vol. 62, 2164–2167, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , M. A. 1989 . “ The quantum transistor ” . In Byte , Vol. 14 , 275 – 281 . Mac Graw-Hill . Jaros, M., Physics and Applications of Semiconductor Microstructures, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989; Kelly, M. J., and R. J. Nicholas, “The physics of quantum well structures,” Reports Progress in Physics, Vol. 48, 1699–1741, 1985; Timp, G., A. M. Chang, P. Mankiewich, R. Behringer, J. E. Cunningham, T. Y. Chang, and R. E. Howard, “Quantum transport in an electron-wave guide,” Phys. Rev. Letters, Vol. 59, 732–735, 1987; The Physics and Fabrication of Microstructures and Microdevices, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol. 13 (eds. M. J. Kelly and C. Weisbuch), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1986; Kotthaus, J. P., “Infrared spectroscopy of lower dimensional electron systems,” Physica Scripta, Vol. T 19, 120–128, 1987; Berggren, K. F., G. Roos, and van Houten, “Characterization of very narrow quasione-dimensional quantum channels,” Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 37, 10118–10124, 1988; Wharam, D. A., T. J. Thornton, R. Newbury, M. Pepper, H. Ahmed, J. E. F. Frost, D. G. Hasko, D. C. Peacock, D. A. Ritchie, and G. A. C. Jones, “One-dimensional transport and the quantisation of the ballistic resistance,” J. Phys. C, Vol. 21, L209-L214, 1988
   Google Scholar
• Bohm , D. 1951 . Quantum Theory , Englewood Cliffs , N. J : Prentice-Hall Inc . Al'tshuler, B. L., and P. A. Lee, “Disordered electronic systems,” Physics Today, Vol. 41, No. 12, 36–44, 1988; Webb, R. A., and S. Washburn, “Quantum interference fluctuations in disordered metals,” Physics Today, Vol. 41, No. 12, 46–53, 1988
   Google Scholar
• Thouless , D. 1982 . Lower dimensionality and localization . Physica , 109/110B : 1523 – 1530 .
   Google Scholar
• Abrikosov , A. A. 1972 . Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals , 60 London , N. Y : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anselm , A. I. 1981 . Introduction to Semiconductor Theory , 474 N. J : Mir Publishers Moscow/ Prentice-Hall Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Nishiguchi , N. and Sakuma , N. 1981 . Vibrational spectrum and specific heat of fine particles . Solid State Communications , 38 : 1073 – 1077 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelster , R. private communication
   Google Scholar