29
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Modeling of Millimeter Wave Backscatter of Time-Varying Snowcover — Summary

, , , , , & show all
Pages 1289-1298 | Published online: 03 Apr 2012

References

  • Colbeck , S. C. 1991 . The layered character of snow covers . Rev. Geophys. , 29 ( No. 1 ) : 81 – 96 .
  • Arons , E. M. and Colbeck , S. C. 1995 . Geometry of heat and mass transfer in dry snow: a review of theory and experiment . Rev. Geophys. , 33 ( No. 4 ) : 463 – 493 .
  • Davis , R. E. and Dozier , J. 1989 . Stereological characterization of dry Alpine snow for microwave remote sensing . Adv. Space Res. , 9 ( No. 1 ) : 245 – 251 .
  • Shi , J. , Davis , R. E. and Dozier , J. 1993 . Stereological determination of dry-snow parameters for discrete-scatterer microwave modeling . Ann. Glaciol. , 17 : 295 – 299 .
  • Stiles , W. H. and Ulaby , F. T. 1980 . The active and passive microwave response to snow parameters 1. wetness . J. Geophys. Res. , 85 ( No. C2 ) : 1037 – 1044 .
  • Narayanan , R. M. and McIntosh , R. E. 1990 . Millimeter-wave backscatter characteristics of multilayered snow surfaces . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. , 38 ( No. 5 ) : 693 – 703 .
  • Mead , J. B. , Chang , P. S. , Lohmeier , S. P. , Langlois , P. M. and McIntosh , R. 1993 . Polarimetric observations and theory of millimeter-wave backscatter from snow cover . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. , 41 ( No. 1 ) : 38 – 46 .
  • Ulaby , F. T. , Haddock , T. F. , Austin , R. T. and Kuga , Y. 1991 . Millimeterwave radar scattering from snow: 2. comparison of theory with experimental observations . Radio Sci. , 26 ( No. 2 ) : 343 – 351 .
  • Chang , P. S. , Mead , J. B. , Knapp , E. J. , Sadowy , G. A. , Davis , R. E. and McIntosh , R. E. 1996 . Polarimetric backscatter from fresh and metamorphic snowcover at millimeter wavelengths . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. , 44 ( No. 1 ) : 58 – 73 .
  • Dozier , J. 1987 . Recent research in snow hydrology . Rev. Geophys. , 25 ( No. 2 ) : 153 – 161 .
  • Jordan , R. 1991 . “ one-dimensional temperature model for a snow cover: Technical documentation for SNTHERM.89 ” . In Spec. Rep. 91–16 Hanover , N.H Army Corps of Eng., Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab
  • Tsang , L. , Kong , J. A. and Shin , R. T. 1985 . Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing , New York : Wiley-Interscience .
  • Tsang , L. and Ishimaru , A. 1987 . Radiative wave equations for vector electromagnetic propagation in dense nontenuous media . J. Electro. Waves Applic. , 1 ( No. 1 ) : 59 – 72 .
  • Tsang , L. 1992 . “ Dense media radiative transfer theory for dense discrete random media with particles of multiple sizes and permittivities ” . In Progress in Electromagnetics Research, Volume 6 , 181 – 230 . New York : Elsevier . Ch. 5
  • Wen. , B. , Tsang , L. , Winebrenner , D. P. and Ishimaru , A. 1990 . Dense medium radiative transfer theory: comparison with experiment and application to microwave remote sensing and polarimetry . IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing , 28 ( No. 1 ) : 46 – 59 .
  • West , R. , Tsang , L. and Winebrenner , D. P. 1993 . Dense medium radiative transfer theory for two scattering layers with a Rayleigh distribution of particle sizes . IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing , 31 ( No. 2 ) : 426 – 437 .
  • Ding , K. H. , Zurk , L. M. and Tsang , L. 1994 . Pair distribution functions and attenuation rates for sticky particles in dense media . J. Electro. Waves and Applic. , 8 ( No. 12 ) : 1585 – 1604 .
  • Tanaka , M. and Nakajima , T. 1977 . Effects of oceanic turbidity and index of refraction of hydrosols on the flux of solar radiation in the atmosphere-ocean system . J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer , 18 ( No. 1 ) : 93 – 111 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.