Hantavirus infection in people inhabiting a highly endemic region of the Gran Chaco territory, Paraguay: association with Trypanosoma cruzi infection, epidemiological features and haematological characteristics

References

• Allison, P. (1999). Logistic Regression using the SAS System: Theory and Application. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. (1985). SAS for Linear Models, a Guide to the ANOVA and GLM Procedures. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. (2001). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Vermont (2000). Morbidity and Mortally Weekly Report, 50, 603–605.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Basombrio, M. A., Segovia, A., Peralta-Ramos, M., Esteban, E., Stumpf, R., Jurgensen, R. P., Winkler, M. A., Sayre, K. & Ferrer, J. F. (1999). Endemic Trypanozoma cruzi infection in Indian populations of the Gran Chaco territory of South America. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, 41–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgh, F., Lindenhorm, M., Wadell, G., Tarnvik, A. & Juto, P. (1998). Development of immunological cross-reactivity to the nucleocapsid protein of hetero-logous hantavirus in nephropathia epidemica. FENIS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 22,309–315.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enria, D. A., Briggiller, A. M., Pini, N. & Levis, S. (2001). Clinical manifestations of New World hantaviruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 256, 117–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, H., Sanchez, A., Morzunov, S., Spiropoulou, C. F., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Peters, C. J. & Nichol, S. T. (1993). Utilization of autopsy RNA for the synthesis of the nucleocapsid antigen of a newly recognized virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Virus Research, 30, 351–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer, J. F., Esteban, E., Dube, S., Basombrio, M. A., Segovia, A., Peralta-Ramos, M., Dube, D. K., Sayre, K., Aguayo, N., Hengst, J. & Poiesz, B. J. (1996). Endemic infection with the human T lympho-tropic virus type IIB in Argentinean and Paraguayan Indians: epidemiology and molecular character-ization. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174, 944–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer, J. F., Jonsson, C. B., Esteban, E., Galligan, D., Basombrio, M. A., Peralta-Ramos, M., Bharadwaj, M., Torrez-Martinez, N., Callahan, J., Segovia, A. & Hjelle, B. (1998). High prevalence of hantavirus infection in Indian communities of the Paraguayan and Argentinean Gran Chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58, 438–444.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrer, J. F., Esteban, E., Murua, A., Gutierrez, S., Dube, S., Poiesz, B., Feldman, L., Basombrio, M. A. & Galligan, D. (2003). Association and epidemio-logical features of Thyparwsoma cruzi and human T cell lymphoma virus type II in inhabitants of the Paraguayan Gran Chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, L. M., Lindsey, A. E., Hjelle, B., Dominguez, D., Brown, J. & Jonsson, C. B. (2001). Prevalence of antibodies to Sin Nombre virus in humans living in rural areas of southern New Mexico and western Texas. Virus Research, 74,177–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez della Valle, M., Edelstein, A., Miguel, S., Martinez, V., Cortez, J., Cacase, M. L., Jurgelenas, G., Sosa Estani, S. & Padula, P. (2002). Andes virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northern Argentina and determination of the precise site of infection. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66, 713–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güartier, R. E., Chuit, R., Cecere, M. C., Castafiera, M. B., Cohen, J. E. & Segura, E. L. (1998a). Household prevalence of seropositivity for Thypanosoma cruzi in three rural villages in northwest Argentina: environmental, demographic, and entomo-logic associations. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 741–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güartier, R. E., Cohen, J. E., Cécere, M. C., Lauricella, M. A., Chuit, R. & Segura, E. L. (1998b). Influence of humans and domestic animals in the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58, 748–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjelle, B., Jenison, S., Torres-Martinez, N., Herring, B., Quan, S., Polito, A., Pichuantes, S., Yamada, T., Morris, C., Elgh, F., Lee, H. W., Artsob, H. & Dinello, R. (1997). Rapid and specific detection of Sin Nombre virus antibodies in patients with hanta-virus pulmonary syndrome by strip immunoblot assay suitable for field diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35, 600–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. M., Bowen, M. D., Ksiazek, T. G., Williams, R. J., Bryan, R. T., Mills, J. N., Peters, C. J. & Nichols, S. T. (1997). Laguna Negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia, Virology, 238, 115–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson, C. B., Gallegos, J., Fero, P., Severson, W. E., Xu, X. & Schmaljohn, C. S. (2001). Expression, purification and characterization of the Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein in Escherichia coli. Protein Expression and Purification, 23, 134–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kierszenbaum, F. & Sztein, M. B. (1994). Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). In Parasitic Infections and the Immune System, ed. Kierszenbaum, F. pp. 53-85. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ksiazek, T. M., Peters, C. J., Rollin, P. E., Zaki, S., Nichol, S. T., Spiropoulou, C. F., Morzunov, S., Feldman, H., Sanchez, A., Khan, A. S., Mahi, B. W. J., Wachsmuth, K. & Butler, J. C. (1995). Identification of a new North American hantavirus that causes acute pulmonary insufficiency. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52,117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H. W. (1996). Epidemiology and pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In The Bunyaviridae, ed. Elliot, R. M. pp. 253-267. New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Levis, S., Morzunov, S., Rowe, J. E., Enria, D. E., Pini, N., Calderon, G., Sabattini, M. & St Jeor, S. (1998). Genetic diversity and epidemiology of hanta-viruses in Argentina. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177,529–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. W., Meek, H. & Willeberg, P. (1987). Veterinary Epidemiology, Principles and Methods. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCaughey, C. & Hart, C. A. (2000). Hantaviruses. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 49, 587–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz, G. J., Hjelle, B. L. & Bryan, R. T. (1996). Hantavirus infection. Advances in Internal Medicine, 42, 369–421.
   Google Scholar
• Mitus, A. J. & Schafer, A. I. (1990). Thrombocytosis and thrombocytemia. Hematology-Oncology Clinics of North America, 4, 157–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol, S. T., Spiropoulou, C. F., Morzunov, S., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Feldman, H., Sanchez, A., Childs, J., Zaki, S. & Peters, C. J. (1993). Genetic identification of a novel hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science, 262, 914–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padula, P. J., Edelstein, A., Miguel, S. D. L., Lopez, N. M., Rossi, C. M. & Rabinovich, R. D. (1998). Hantavirus pulmonary outbreak in Argentina: molecular evidence for person-to-person trans-mission of Andes virus. Virology, 241, 323–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padula, P. J., Colavechia, S. B., Martinez, V. P., Gonzalez della Valle, M. O., Edelstein, A., Russi, J., Mora Riquelme, J., Colucci, N., Almirón, M. & Rabinovich, R. D. (2000a). Genetic diversity, distri-bution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in South America. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 3029–3035.
   Google Scholar
• Padula, P. J., Rossi, C. M., Della Valle, M. O., Martinez, V. P., Colavechia, S. B., Edelstein, A., Rabinovich, R. D. & Segura, E. L. (2000b). Development and evaluation of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay based on Andes hantavirus recombinant nucleoprotein. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 49, 149–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santhosh-Kumar, C. R, Yohannan, M. D., Higgy, K. E. & Mashhadani, S. A. (1991). Thrombocytosis in adults: analysis of 777 patients. Journal of Internal Medicine, 229, 493–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonsen, L., Dalton, M. J., Breiman, R. F., Hennessy, T., Umland, E. T., Sewell, C. M., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G. & Peters, C. J. (1995). Evaluation of the magnitude of the 1993 hantavirus outbreak in the southwestern United States. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172, 729–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toro, J., Vega, J. D., Khan, A. S., Mills, J. N., Padula, P. J., Terry, W., Yadón, Z., Valderrama, R., Ellis, B., Pavletic, C., Cerda, R., Zaki, S., Shieh, W.-J., Meyer, R., Tapia, M., Mansilla, C., Baro, M., Vergara, J., Concha, M., Calderón, G., Enria, D., Peters, C. J. & Ksiazek, T. G. (1998). An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4, 687–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, R. M., Sosa Estani, S., Yadón, Z., Enria, D., Padula, P., Pini, N., Mills, J. & Peters, C. J. (1998). Seroprevalence of antibodies to hantavirus in health care workers and other residents of southern Argentina. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 27, 895–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, R. J., Bryan, R. T., Mills, J. N., Palma, E., Vera, I., de Velazquez, F., Baez, E., Schmidt, W. E., Figuero, R. E., Peters, C. J., Zaki, S. R., Kahn, A. S. & Ksiazek, T. G. (1997). An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 57, 274–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (1991). Control of Chagas Disease. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report Series No. 811. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Yahnke, C. J., Meserve, P. L., Ksiazek, T. G. & Mills, J. N. (2001). Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan Chaco. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65, 768–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar