Publication Cover
Neurological Research
A Journal of Progress in Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurosciences
Volume 25, 2003 - Issue 1
44
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The morphological and neurochemical effects of diffuse brain injury on rat central noradrenergic system

, , &
Pages 35-41 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

REFERENCES

  • Olsen L, Fuxe K. On the projections from the locus coeruleus noradrenal ine neurons: The cerebellar innervation. Brain Res 1971; 28: 165–171
  • Kobayashi RM, Palkovits M, Kopin IJ,JacobowitzDM. Biochemical mapping of noradrenergic nerve arising from rat locus coeruleus. Brain Res 1974; 77: 269–279
  • Crow TJ, Deakin JFW, File SE, Longden A, WendlandtS. The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system — evidence against a role in attention, habituation anxiety and motor activity. Brain Res 1978; 155: 249–261
  • Foote SL, Bloom FE, Aston-Jones G. Nucleus locus coeruleus: New evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity. Physiol Rev 1983; 63: 844–914
  • Saper CB. Function of the locus coeruleus. Trends Neurosci Lett 1987; 10: 343–344
  • Sakaguchi T, Nakamura S. The mode of projections of single locus coeruleus neurons to the cerebral cortex in rats. Neuroscience 1987; 20: 221–230
  • Fritschy JM, Grzanna R. Distribution of locus coeruleus axons within the rat brainstem demonstrated by Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin anterograde tracing in combination with dopa-mine-beta-hydroxylase immunofluorescence. J Comp Neurol 1990; 291: 616–631
  • Petrov T, Krukoff TL, Jhamandas JH. Branching projections of catecholaminergic brainstem neurons to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the central nucleus of the amygdala in the rat. Brain Res 1993; 609: 81–92
  • Huger F, Patrick G. Effect of concussive head injury on central catecholamine levels and synthesis-rates in rat brain regions. J Neurochem 1979; 33: 89–95
  • Levin BE. Alterations of norepinephrine metabolism in rat locus coeruleus neurons in response to axonal injury. Brain Res 1983; 289: 205–214
  • Globus MYT, Busto R, Dietrich WD, Martinez E, Valdés I, Ginsberg MD. Direct evidencefor acute and massive norepinephrine release in the hippocampus during transient ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9: 892–896
  • Sutton RL, Krobert KA. Acute changes in cortical noradrenaline levels of the anesthetized rat following cortical contusion: A microdialysis study. J Neurotrauma 1993; 10: 5181
  • Dunn-Meynell A, Pan S, Levin BE. Focal traumatic brain injury causes widespread reductions in rat brain norepinephrine turnover from 6 to 24 h. Brain Res 1994; 660: 88–95
  • Levin BE, Pan S, Dunn-Meynell A. Chronic alterations in rat brain ot-adrenoceptors following traumatic brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1994; 7: 5–12
  • Boyeson MG, Feeney DM. Intraventricular norepinephrine facil-itates motor recovery following sensorimotor cortex injury. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1990; 35: 497–501
  • Goldstein LB, Davis JN. Post-lesion practice and amphetamine-facilitated recovery of beam-walking in the rat. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1990; 1: 311–314
  • Feeney DM, Westerberg VS. Norepinephrine and brain damage: Alpha noradrenergic pharmacology alters functional recovery after cortical trauma. Can J Psychol 1990; 44: 233–252
  • Goldstein LB, Coviello A, Miller GD, Davis JN. Norepinephrine depletion impairs motor recovery following sensorimotor cortex injury in the rat. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1991; 3: 41–47
  • Krobert KA, Sutton RL, Feeney DM. Spontaneous and ampheta-mine-evoked release of cerebellar noradrenaline after sensorimotor cortex contusion: An in vivo microdialysis study in the awake rat. J Neurochem 1994; 62: 2233–2240
  • Sutton RL, Feeney DM. ot-Noradrenergic agonists and antagonists affect recovery and maintenance of beam-walking ability after sensorimotor cortex ablation in the rat. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1992; 4: 1–11
  • Prasad MR, Dose JM, Dhillon HS, Carbary T, Kraemer PJ. Amphetamine affects the behavioral outcome of lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat. Restor Neurol Neurosci 1995; 9: 65–75
  • Prasad MR, Ramaiah C, Mcintosh TK, Dempsey RJ, Hipkens S, Yurek D. Regional levels of lactate and norepinephrine after experimental brain injury. J Neurochem 1994; 63: 1086–1094
  • Levin BE, Brown KL, Pawar G, Dunn-Meynell A. Widespread and lateralized effects of acute traumatic brain injury on norepine-phrine turnover in the rat brain. Brain Res 1995; 674: 307–313
  • Marmarou A, Foda MAAE, van den Brink W, Campbell J, Kita H, Demetriadou K. A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part 1: Pathophysiology and biomechanics. J Neurosurg 1994; 80: 291–300
  • Foda MAAE, Marmarou A. A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats, Part II: Morphological characterization.J Neurosurg 1994; 80: 301–313
  • Takeda H, Matsumiya T, Shibuya T. Detection and identification modes for the highly sensitive and simultaneous determination of various biogenic amines by coulometric high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr 1990; 515: 265–278
  • Schanberg SM, Schildkrautff, Breese GR, Kopin IJ. Metabolism of normetanerphrine-H3 in rat brain identification of conjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolas the major metabo lite. Biochem Pharmacol 1968; 17: 247–254
  • Westerink BHC. Determination of normetanephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol(free and total), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol(free and total) in rat brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detec-tion and effects of drugs on regional concentrations.J Neurochem 1984; 42: 934–942
  • Dunn-Meynell AA, Yarlagadda Y, Levin BE. cx1-adrenoceptor blockade increases behavioral deficits in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 1997; 14: 43–52
  • Boyeson MG, Call ister TR, Cavazos JE. Biochem icaland behavioral effects of a sensorimotor cortex injury in rats pretreated with the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4. Behav Neurosci 1992; 106: 964–973
  • Kikuchi K, Nishino K, Ohyu H. Increasing CNS norepinephrine levels by the precursor L-DOPS facilitates beam-walking recovery after sensorimotor cortex ablation in rats. Brain Res 2000; 860: 130–135
  • Stenevi U, Bjöklund A, Moore RY. Growth of intact adrenergic axons in the denervated lateral gen icu late body. Exp Neurol 1972; 35: 290–299
  • Nakai K, Jonsson G, Kasamatsu T. Norepinephrinergic reinnervation of cat occipital cortex following localized lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine. Neurosci Res 1987; 4: 433–453
  • Nakai K. Regenerative catecholamine-containing terminals in kitten visual cortex: An ultrastructual study. Neurosci Res 1987; 4: 475–485
  • Fritschy JM, Grazanna R. Restoration of ascending noradrenergic projections by residual locus coeruleus neurons: Compensatory response to neurotoxin-induced cell death in the adult rat brain. J Comp Neurol 1992; 321: 421–441
  • Carbary T, Dhillon HS, Scheff SW, Prasad RM. Immunohisto-chemistry of tyrosine and dopamine-fl-hydroxylases after experi-mental brain injury in the rat. Neurosci Res Comm 1996; 18: 79–85
  • Arakawa S, Nakamura S, Kawashima N, Nishiike S, Okuyama S. Antagonizing effects of VA-045 on reduced activity of rat locus coeruleus neuronsfollowing head injury or intravenous injection of clonidine. Life Sci 1995; 57: 1803–1810
  • Foote SL, Aston-Jones G, Bloom FE. Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats and monkeys is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980; 77: 3033–3037
  • Aston-Jones G, Bloom FE. Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibited pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli. J Neurosci 1981; 1: 887–900
  • Berridge CW, Page ME, Valentino RJ, et al. Effectof locus coeruleus inactivation on electroencephalographicactivity in neocortex and hippocampus. Neuroscience 1993; 55: 381–393
  • Dunn-Meynell AA, Hassanain M, Levin BE. Norepinephrine and traumatic brain injury: A possible role in post-traumatic edema. Brain Res 1998; 800: 245–252

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.