REFERENCES
- Datta SR, Brunet A, Greenberg ME. Cellular survival: A play in three Akts. Genes Dev 1999; 13: 2905–2927
- Abe K, Hayashi T, Itoyama Y. Amelioration of brain edema by topical application of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in reperfused rat brain. Neurosci Lett 1997; 231: 37–40
- Ikeyama S, Kokkonen G, Shack S, Wang XT, Holbrook NJ. Loss in oxidative stress tolerancewith aging linked to reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt kinase activities. FASEB 12002; 16: 114–116
- Kitagawa H, Hayashi T, Mitsumoto Y, Koga N, Itoyama Y, Abe K. Reduction of ischemic brain injury by topical application of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 1998; 29: 1417–1422
- Creedon DJ, Tansey MG, Baloh RH, Osborne PA, Lampe PA, Fahrner TJ, Heuckeroth RO, Milbrandt J, Johnson EM Jr. Neurturin shares receptors and signal transduction pathways with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in sympathetic neurons. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 7018–7023
- Kotzbauer PT, Lampe PA, Heuckeroth RO, Golden JP, Creedon DJ, Johnson EM Jr, Milbrandt J. Neurturin, a relative of glial-cell-lire-derived neurotrophic factor. Nature 1996; 384: 467–470
- Hermann DM, Kilic E, Kugler S, Isenmann S, Bahr M. Adenovirus-mediated GDNF and CNTF pretreatment protects against striatal injury following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2001; 8: 655–666
- Zhang WR, Hayashi T, lwai M, Nagano I, Sato K, Manabe Y, Abe K. Time dependentamelioration against ischem ic brain damage by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Brain Res 2001; 903: 253–256
- Cardone MH, Roy N, Stennicke HR, Salvesen GS, Franke TF, Stanbridge E, Frisch S, Reed JC. Regulation of cell death protease caspase-9 by phosphorylation. Science 1998; 282: 1318–1321
- Zhou H, Li XM, Meinkoth J, Pittman RN. Akt regulates cell survival and apoptosis at a postmitochondrial level. J Cell Bio/ 2000; 151: 483–494
- Ouyang YB, Tan Y, Comb M, Liu CL, Martone ME, Siesjo BK, Hu BR. Survival- and death-promoting events after transient cerebral ischemia: Phosphorylation of Akt, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-like proteases. I Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: 1126–1135
- Nosh ita N, Lewen A, Sugawara T, Chan PH. Evidence of phosphorylation of Akt and neuronal survival after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21: 1442–1450
- Namura S, Nagata I, Kikuchi H, Andreucci M, Alessandrini A. Serine—threonine protein kinase Akt does not mediate ischemic tolerance after global ischemia in the gerbil. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000; 20: 1301–1305
- Benchoua A, Guegan C, Couriaud C, Hossein i H, Sampaio N, Morin D, Onteniente B. Specific caspase pathways are activated in the two stages of cerebral infarction. I Neurosci 2001; 21: 7127-7134
- Kitagawa H, Sasaki C, Sakai K, Mori A, Mitsumoto Y, Mori T, Fukuchi Y, Setoguchi Y, Abe K. Adenovirus-mediatedgene transfer of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor prevents ischemic brain injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: 1336–1344