Publication Cover
Neurological Research
A Journal of Progress in Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurosciences
Volume 26, 2004 - Issue 7
23
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Clinical utility of echocontrast agents in neurosonology

&
Pages 754-759 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

REFERENCES

  • Rosenkranz K, Zendel W, Langer R, et al. Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler US with a new transpulmonary echo contrast agent based on saccharide microparticles. Radiology 1993; 187: 439–443
  • Gebel M, Caselitz M, Bowen-Davies PE, Weber S. A multicenter, prospective, open label, randomized, controlled phase Illb study of SH U 508 A (Levovist) for Doppler signal enhancement in the portal vascular system. Ultraschall Med 1998; 19: 148–156
  • Droste DW, Jürgens R, Nabavi DG, Schuierer G, Weber S, Ringelstein EB. Echocontrast-enhanced ultrasound of extracranial internal carotid artery high-grade stenosis and occlusion. Stroke 1999; 30: 2302–2306
  • Droste DW, Jiirgens R, Weber S, Tietje R, Ringelstein EB. Benefit of echocontrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex ultra-sound in the assessment of intracranial collateral pathways. Stroke 2000; 31: 920–923
  • Schminke U, Motsch L, Bleiss A, von Smekal U, Griewing B, Kessler C. Continuous administration of contrast medium for trans-cranial colour-coded sonography. Neuroradiology 2001; 43: 24–28
  • Bokor D. Diagnostic efficacy of SonoVue. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 19G-24G
  • Droste DW, [lull JB, Pezzoli C, Bogdahn U, Kaps M. SonoVue((R)) (BR1), a new long-acting echocontrast agent, improves transcranial colour-coded duplex ultrasonic imaging. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 14: 27–32
  • Correas JM, Burns PN, Lai X, Qi X. Infusion versus bolus of an ultrasound contrast agent: in vivo dose-response measurements of BR1. Invest Radio! 2000; 35: 72–79
  • Gahn G, Gerber J, Hal lmeyer S, et al. Contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in stroke patients with limited bone windows. Am J Neurol Res 2000; 21: 509–514
  • Zunker P, Wilms H, Brossmann J, Georgiadis D, Weber S, Deuschl G. Echo contrast-enhanced transcranial ultrasound: frequency of use, diagnostic benefit, and validity of results compared with MRA. Stroke 2003; 33: 2600–2603
  • Hansberg T, Wong KS, Droste DW, Ringelstein EB. Effects of the ultrasound contrast-enhancing agent Levovist on the detection of intracranial arteries and stenoses in Chinese by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003; 14: 105–108
  • Eyding J, Wilkening W, Postert T. Brain perfusion and ultrasonic imaging techniques. Eur J Ultrasound 2002; 16: 91 —104
  • Seidel G, Meyer K. Harmonic imaging—a new method for the sonographic assessment of cerebral perfusion. Eur J Ultrasound 2001; 14: 103–113
  • Stolz E, Al lendorfer J, Jauss M, Traupe H, Kaps M. Sonographic harmonic grey scale imaging of brain perfusion: scope of a new method demonstrated in selected cases. Ultraschall Med 2002; 23: 320-324
  • Wiesmann M, Seidel G. Ultrasound perfusion imaging of the human brain. Stroke 2000; 31: 2421–2425
  • Meairs S, Daffertshofer M, Neff W, Eschenfelder C, Hennerici M. Pulse-inversion contrast harmonic imaging: ultrasonographic assessment of cerebral perfusion. Lancet 2000; 355: 550–551
  • Baumgartner RW, Arnold M, Gonner F, et al. Contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in ischemic cerebro-vascular disease. Stroke 1997; 28: 2473–2478
  • Gerriets T, Seidel G, Fiss I, Modrau B, Kaps M. Contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography: efficiency and validity. Neurology 1999; 52: 1133–1137
  • Gerriets T, Goertler M, Stolz E, et al. Feasibility and validity of transcranial duplex sonography in patients with acute stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2002; 73: 17–20
  • Goertler M, Kross R, Baeumer M, et al. Diagnostic impact and prognostic relevance of early contrast- enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in acute stroke. Stroke 1998; 29: 955–962
  • Nabavi DG, Droste DW, Kemeny V, Schulte-Altedorneburg G, Weber S, Ringelstein EB. Potential and limitations of echocontrast-enhanced ultrasonography in acute stroke patients: a pilot study. Stroke 1998; 29: 949–954
  • Postert T, Braun B, Meves S, et al. Contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded sonography in acute hemispheric brain infarction. Stroke 1999; 30: 1819–1826
  • Becker G, Lindner A, Bogdahn U. Imaging of the vertebrobasilar system by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. J Ultrasound Med 1993; 12: 395–401
  • Droste DW, Nabavi DG, Kemeny V, etal. Echocontrast enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex offers improved visualization of the vertebrobasilar system in patients with bad examination conditions. Acta Neurol Scand 1998; 98: 193–199
  • Stolz E, Nuckel M, Mendes I, Gerriets T, Kaps M. Vertebrobasilar transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography: improve-ment with echo enhancement. Am J Neurol Res 2002; 23: 1051–1054
  • Fürst G, Sitzer M, Hofer M, Steinmetz H, Hackländer T, Mödder U. Kontrastmittelverstärkte farbkodierte Duplexsonographie hochgra-diger Karotisstenosen. Ultraschall Med 1995; 16: 140–144
  • Gahn G, Hahn G, Hallmeyer-Elgner S, et al. Echo-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplexsonography to study collateral blood flow in patients with symptomatic obstructions of the internal carotid artery and limited acoustic bone windows. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 11: 107–112
  • Giannoni MF, Bilotta F, Fiorani L, et al. Ultrasound echo-enhancers in the evaluation of endovascular prostheses. Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 7: 532–538
  • Hofstee DJ, Hoogland PH, Schimsheimer RJ, de Weerd AW. Contrast enhanced color duplex for diagnosis of subtotal stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2000; 102: 9–12
  • Sitzer M, Rose G, Flirst G, Siebler M, Steinmetz H. Characteristics and clinical value of an intravenous echo-enhancement agent in evaluation of high-grade internal carotid stenosis. J Neuroimaging 1997; 7 Suppl 1: 22-25
  • Kniemeyer HW, Aulich A, Schlachetzki F, Steinmetz H, Sandmann W. Pseudo- and segmental occlusion of the internal carotid artery: a new classification, surgical treatment and results. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1996; 12: 310–320
  • McCormick PW, Spetzler RF, Bailes JE, Zabramski JM, Frey JL. Thromboendarterectomy of the symptomatic occluded internal carotid artery. Neurosurg 1992; 76: 752–758
  • Meyer FB, Sundt TM, Jr, Piepgras DG, Sandok BA, Forbes G. Emergency carotid endarterectomy for patients with acute carotid occlusion and profound neurological deficits. Ann Surg 1986; 203: 82–89
  • Sterpetti AV, Feldhaus RJ, Schultz RD, Farina C. Operative strategies in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. Surgery 1989; 105: 632–637
  • Barnett HJ, Meldrum HE. Endarterectomy for carotid stenosis: new approaches in patient selection. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001; 11 Suppl 1: 105-111
  • Hacke W, Zeumer H, Ferbert A, Brückmann H, del Zoppo GJ. Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy improves outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Stroke 1988; 19: 1216–1222
  • Chimowitz MI, Kokkinos J, Strong J, et al. The Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Study. Neurology 1995; 45: 1488–1493
  • Kaps M, Link A. Transcranial sonographic monitoring during thrombolytic therapy [see comments J. Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 758–760
  • Karnik R, Stelzer P, Slany J. Transcranial Doppler sonography monitoring of local intra- arterial thrombolysis in acute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Stroke 1992; 23: 284–287
  • Doblar DD, Plyushcheva NV, Jordan W, McDowell H. Predicting the effect of carotid artery occlusion during carotid endarterect-omy: comparing transcranial Doppler measurements and cerebral angiography. Stroke 1998; 29: 2038–2042
  • Lopez Bresnahan MV, Kearse LA, Jr, Yanez P, Young TI. Anterior communicating artery collateral flow protection against ischemic change during carotid endarterectomy. J Neurosurg 1993; 79: 379–382
  • Schneider PA, Ringelstein EB, Rossman ME, et al. Importance of cerebral collateral pathways during carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1988; 19: 1328–1334
  • Berrouschot J, Barthel H, vonKummer R, Knapp WH, Hesse S, Schneider D. 99(m)technetium-ethyl-cysteinate-dimer single-photon emission CT can predict fatal ischemic brain edema. Stroke 1998; 29: 2556–2562
  • Berrouschot J, Sterker M, Bettin S, Koster J, Schneider D. Mortality of space-occupying (‘malignant’) middle cerebral artery infarction under conservative intensive care. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24: 620–623
  • Schwab S, Steiner T, Aschoff A, et al. Early hemicraniectomy in patients with complete middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 1998; 29: 1888–1893

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.