Effects of adenosine and adenosine A_2A receptor agonist on motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in experimental diabetic neuropathy

REFERENCES

• Vinik At, Holland MT, Le Beau JM, Liuzzi FJ, Stansberry KB, Colen LB. Diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1926–1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaul CL, Ramarao P. The role of aldose reductase inhibitors in diabetic complications: recent trends. Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2001; 23: 465–475
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinoshita JH, Nishimura C. The involvement of aldose reductase in diabetic complications. Diabetes Metab Rev 1988; 4: 323–337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens MJ, Feldman EL, Greene DA. The etiology of the diabetic neuropathy: the combined roles of metabolic and vascular defects. Diabetic Med 1995; 12: 566–579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene DA, Lewis RA, Lattimer SA, Brown MJ. Selective effects of myo-inositol administration on sciatic and tibial motor nerve conduction parameters in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Diabetes 1982; 31: 573–578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene DA, Sima AAF, Stevens MJ, Feldman EL, Lattimer SA. Complications: neuropathy, pathogenetic considerations. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1902–1925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownlee M, Vlassara H, Cerami A. Inhibition of heparin catalyzed anti-thrombin III activity by non-enzymatic glycosylation. Possible role in fibrin deposition in diabetes. Diabetes 1984; 33: 532–535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilton RG, Chang K, Nyengaard JR, van den Enden M, Ido Y, Williamson JR. Inhibition of sorbitol dehydrogenase, effect on vascular and neural dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 1995; 44: 234–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hounsom L, Horrobin DF, Trisch ler H, Corder R, Tomlinson DR. A I ipoic acid-gamma12 linolenic acid conjugate is effective against multiple indices of experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1998; 41: 839–844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron NE, Cotter MA. Metabolic and vascular factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 1997; 46: S31—S37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotta N, Koh N, Sakakibara F, et al. Prevention of abnormalities in motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow by the prostacycl in analogs, beraprost sodium, in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Prostaglandins 1995; 49: 339–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karasu L, Stevens EJ, Tomlison DR. Effect of antioxidant treatment on sciatic nerve dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1995; 38: 129–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagamatsu M, Nickander KK, Schmelzer JD, et al. Lipoic acid improves nerve blood flow, reduces oxidative stress and improves distal nerve conduction in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 1160–1167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon A, Sawynok J. Antinociception by adenosine analogs and inhibitors of adenosine metabolism in an inflammatory thermal hypeqgesia model in the rats. Pain 1998; 74: 235–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavandhomme PM, Eisenach JC. Exogenous and endogenous adenosine enhances the spinal antiallodynic effects of morphine in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 1999; 80: 31–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segerdahl M, Sollevi A. Adenosine and pain relief: a clinical overview. Drug Dev Res 1998; 45: 151–158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guieu R, Peragut JC, Roussel P, et al. Adenosine and neuropathic pain. Pain 1996; 68: 271–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulugol A, Karadag HC, Tamer M, Firat Z, Aslantas A, Dokmeci L. Involvement of adenosine in the anti-allodynic effect of amitriptyline in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurosci Lett 2002; 382: 129–132
   Google Scholar
• Sjolund KF, Sollevi A, Segerdahl M, Hansson P, Lundeberg T. Intrathecal and systemic R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine reduces scratching behavior in a rat mononeuropathy model. Neurore-port 1996; 7: 1856–1860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandner-Kiesling A, Li X, Eisenach JC. Morphine-induced spinal release of adenosine is reduced in neuropathic rats. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 1455–1459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch JP, Jarvis ME, Kowaluk EA. An adenosine kinase inhibitor attenuates tactile allodynia in rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 364: 141–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu CZ, Mikusa J, Chu KL, et al. A-134974: a novel adenosine kinase inhibitor, relieves tactile al lodynia via spinal sites if action in peripheral nerve injured rats. Brain Res 2001; 905: 104–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sridhar B, Sharma SS. Reversal of streptozotocin induced neuro-pathic pain by adenosine. Presented at Proceedings of XXXIII Annual Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society, Ahemdabad, India, December 28-30,2000: 171 (Abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Pawar RD, Kaul CL, Sharma SS. Protective effect of 5'-N-ethyl carbixamido adenosine in diabetic neuropathic pain, Presented at Proceedings of 53rd Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, New Delhi, India, December 21-23,2001: 246 (Abstract)
   Google Scholar
• De Koning P, Gispen WH. Org.2766 improves functional and electrophysiological aspects of regenerating sciatic nerve in rat. Peptides 1987; 8: 415–422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens EJ, Carrington AL, Tomlinson DR. Nerve ischemia in diabetic rats: time course of development, effect of insulin treatment plus comparison of streptozotocin and BB models. Diabetologia 1994; 37: 43–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi M, Low PA. Dynamic peripheral nerve metabolic and vascular responses to exanguination. Am J Physiol 1987; 253: E349—E353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundquist I, Smith QR, Michel ME, Ask P, Oberg PA, Rapoport SI. Sciatic nerve blood flow measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry and 114CI iodoantipyrine. Am J Physiol 1985; 248: H311—H317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dines KC, Calcutt NA, Nunag KD, Mizisin AP, Kalichman MW. Effect of hindlimb temperature on sciatic nerve laser-Doppler vascular conductance in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Neurol Sci 1999; 163: 17–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang K, Ido Y, Lejeune W, Williamson JR, Tilton RG. Increased sciatic nerve blood flow in diabetic rats: assessment by ‘molecular’ vs. particulate microspheres. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: El 64—E173
   Google Scholar
• Sima AAF, Sugimoto K. Experimental diabetic neuropathy: update. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 773–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens MJ, Lattimer SA, Kamijo M., Van Huvsen C, Sima AA, Greene DA. Osmotically-induced nerve taurine depletion and compatible osmolyte hypothesis in experimental diabetic neuro-pathy in the rat. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 608–614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calcutt NA, Dines KC, Cesena RM. Effect of peptide HP228 on nerve disorders in diabetic rats. Metabolism 1998; 47: 650–656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizisin AP, Bache M, DiStefano PS, Acheson A, Lindsay RM, Calcutt NA. BDNF attenuates functional and structural disorders in nerves of galactose-fed rat. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1997; 56: 1290–1301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obrosova IG, Huysen CV, Fathallah L, Cao X, Stevens MJ, Greene DA. Evaluation of alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists on diabetes-induced changes in peripheral nerve function, metabolism and anti-oxidative defence. Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J 2000; 14: 1548–1558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ao S, Shingu S, Kikuchi C. Characterization of a new aldose reductase inhibitor, FR74366, and its effect on diabetic cataract and neuropathy in the rat. Metabolism 1991; 40: 77–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirata Y, Okuda K. Relation of Nat, K+-ATPase to delayed motor nerve conduction velocity: effect of aldose reductase inhibitor, ADN-138, on Nat, Kt-ATPase activity. Metabolism 1990; 39: 563–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson RA, Pearson JD. Cardiovascular purinoceptors. Physiol Rev 1990; 70: 761–745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JM, Fenton RA, Culter BS. Adenosine enhances the nitric oxide production by vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: C519—0523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou QY, Li C, Olah ME. Molecular cloning and characterization of an adenosine receptor. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 7432–7436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggirwar SB, Dhanraj DN, Somani SM, Ramkumar V. Adenosine acts as an endogenous activator of cellular antioxidant defense system. Biochem Biophy Res Com 1994; 201: 508–515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons DA, Winegrad Al. Elevated extracellular glucose inhibits an adenosine-(Na+, K+)-ATPase regulatory system in rabbit aortic wall. Diabetologia 1991; 50: 157–163
   Google Scholar
• Kato K, Thomas TP, Stevens MJ, Greene DA, Nakamura J. 2-Ch loroadenosine reverses hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of phosphoinositide synthesis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells and prevents reduced nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats. Metabolism 1999; 48: 827–833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White TE, Dickenson JM, Alexander SPH. Adenosine Al receptor stimulation of inositol-phospholipid hydrolysis and calcium mobilization in DDT1 MF-2 cells. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 106: 215–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippi S, Mancini M, Amerini S, et al. Functional adenosine receptors in human corpora cavernosa. Intl Androl 2000; 23: 210–217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• He ZX, Cwajg E, Hwang W, et al. Myocardial blood flow and myocardial uptake of (201) TI and (99m) Tc-sestamibi during coronary vasodilatation induced by CGS-21680, a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist. Circulation 2000; 102: 438–444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin HK, Park SN, Hong KW. Implication of adenosine A2A receptors in hypotension-induced vasodilatation and cerebral blood flow autoregulation in rat pial arteries. Life Sci 2000; 67: 1435–1445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal M, Singh J, Sood S, Arora B. Effects of I isinopril on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2001; 23: 131–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malone JI, Lowitt S, Korthals JK, Salem A, Miranda C. The effect of hyperglycemia on nerve conduction and structure is age depen-dent. Diabetes 1996; 45: 209–215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker D, Carrington A, Cannan SA, et al. Structural abnormalities do not explain the early functional abnormalities in the peripheral nerves of the streptozotocin diabetic rat. J Anat 1999; 195: 419–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar