Are the non-classical auditory pathways involved in autism and PDD?

REFERENCES

• Frith U. Autism: Explaining the Enigma. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1997
   Google Scholar
• Cohen D, Volkmar F. Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 2nd Edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997
   Google Scholar
• O'Neill M, Jones RS. Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in autism: A case for more research? ] Autism Dev Disord 1997; 27: 283-293
   Google Scholar
• Kern JK, Miller VS, Cauller LJ, et al. The effectiveness of N, N-dimethylglycine in autism/PDD. I Child Neurol 2001; 16: 169–173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenhal I U, Nordin V, Sandstrom M, et al. Autism and hearing loss. J Autism Dev Disord 1999; 29: 349–357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen S, Ring HA, Bul!more ET, et al. Biobehavior Rev 2000; 24: 355–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French JD, Verzeano M, Magoun HW. An extralemniscal sensory system of the brain. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiat 1953; 69: 505-519
   Google Scholar
• Ehret G, Romand R. The Central Auditory Pathway. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997
   Google Scholar
• Graybiel AM. Some fiber pathways related to the posterior thalamic region in the cat. Brain Behavior Evol 1972; 6: 363–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AR. Sensory Systems: Anatomy and Physiology. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2003
   Google Scholar
• Rouiller EM, Ribaupierre de F. Origin of afferents to physiologi-cally defined regions of the medial geniculate body of the cat: Ventral and dorsal divisions. Hear Res 1985; 19: 97–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aitkin LM, Kenyon CE, Philpott P. The representation of auditory and somatosensory systems in the external nucleus of the cat inferior col I icul us. I Comp Neurol 1981; 196: 25–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeDoux JE. Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1992; 2: 191–197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Møller AR. Neural Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2004 (In press)
   Google Scholar
• Kvasnak E, Popelar J, Syka J. Discharge properties of neurons in subdivisions of the medial geniculate body of the guinea pig. Physiol Res 2000; 49: 369–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczepaniak WS, Møller AR. Interaction between auditory and somatosensory systems: A study of evoked potentials in the inferior col I icu I us. Electroencephologr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 88: 508–515
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aitkin LM. The Auditory Midbrain, Structure and Function in the Central Auditory Pathway. Clifton, NJ: Humana Press, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Syka J, Popelar J, Kvasnak E. Response properties of neurons in the central nucleus and external and dorsal cortices of the inferior colliculus in guinea pig. Exp Brain Res 2000; 133: 254–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore SE, Godfrey DA, HeHeft RH, et al. Connections between the cochlear nuclei in guinea pig. Hear Res 1992; 62: 16–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh K, Kamiya H, Mitani A, et al. Direct projections from dorsal column nuclei and the spinal trigeminal nuclei to the cochlear nuclei in the cat. Brain Res 1987; 400: 145–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotta T, Kameda K. Interactions between somatic and visual or auditory responses in the thalamus of the cat. Exp Neurol 1963; 8: 1–13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AR, Møller MB, Yokota M. Some forms of tinnitus may involve the extralemniscal auditory pathway. Laryngoscope 1992; 102: 1165–1171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AR, Rollins P. The non-classical auditory system is active in children but not in adults. Neurosci Lett 2002; 319: 41–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacace AT, Cousins JP, Parnes SM, et al. Cutaneous-evoked tinnitus. II: Review of neuroanatomical, physiological and func-tional imaging studies. Audiol Neurotol 1999; 4: 258–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacace AT, Cousins JP, Parnes SM, et al. Cutaneous-evoked tinnitus. I: Phenomenology, psychophysics and functional ima-ging. Audiol Neurotol 1999; 4: 247–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinchoff RJ, Burkard RF, Salvi RJ, et al. Modulation of tinnitus by voluntary jaw movements. Am] Otol 1998; 19: 785–789
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Møller AR. Similarities between chronic pain and tinnitus. Am J Otol 1997; 18: 577–585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Møller AR, Pinkerton T. Temporal integration of pain from electrical stimulation of the skin. Neurol Res 1997; 19: 481–488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price DD. Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimension of pain. Science 2000; 288: 1769-1772
   Google Scholar
• Lord C, Risi S, Lambrecht L, et al. The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2000; 30: 205–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord C, Rutter M, DiLavore PC, et al. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Emery NJ. The eyes have it: The neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2000; 24: 581–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce K, Muller RA, Ambrose J, et al. Face processing occurs outside the fusiform ‘face area’ in autism: evidence from functional MRI. Brain 2001; 124: 2059–2073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolphs R, Sears L, Piven J. Abnormal processing of social information from faces in autism. I Cog Neurosci 2001; 13: 232–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critchley HD, Daly EM, Bullmore ET, et al. The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour: Changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions. Brain 2000; 123: 2203–2212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cacace AT, Lovely TJ, McFarland DJ, et al. Anomalous cross-modal plasticity following posterior fossa surgery: Some specula-tions on gaze-evoked tinnitus. Hear Res 1994; 81: 22–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall PD. The presence of ineffective synapses and circumstances which unmask them. Phil Trans Roy Soc (Lond) 1977; 278: 361–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolf CJ. The dorsal horn: State-dependent sensory processing and generation of pain. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, eds. Textbook of Pain, 3rd Edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1994: pp. 79-100
   Google Scholar
• Møller AR. Similarities between severe tinnitus and chronic pain. J Am Acad Audiol 2000; 11: 115–124
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Møller AR. Symptoms and signs caused by neural plasticity. Neurol Res 2001; 23: 565–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson P, Lundeberg T. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimula-tion, vibration and acupuncture as pain-relieving measures. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, eds. Textbook of Pain, 4th Edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999: pp. 1341-1351
   Google Scholar
• Willer JC. Relieving effect of TENS on painful muscle contraction produced by an impairment of reciprocal innervation: An electrophysiological analysis. Pain 1988; 32: 271–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jastreboff PJ, Jastreboff MM. Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) as a method for treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis patients. I Am Acad Audiol 2000; 11: 162–177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawson G, Watling R. Interventions to facilitate auditory, visual, and motor integration in autism: A review of the evidence. ] Autism Dev Disord 2000; 30: 415–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar