Factors associated with severe sepsis: prospective study of 94 neutropenic febrile episodes

References

• Klastersky J. Management of fever in neutropenic patients with different risks of complications. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: S32–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes WT, Pizzo PA, Wade JC, Armstrong D, Webb CD, Young LS. Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 206–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes WT, Armstrong D, Bodey GP et al. Guidelines for the useof antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 730–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 296–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrigan SD, Scott G, Tabrizian M. Toward resolving the challenges of sepsis diagnosis. Clin Chem 2004; 1301–1314: 50–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Chest Physician/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definition for sepsis and organ failure guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992; 20: 864–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M. The epidemiology ofsepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1546–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WJ, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J,Pinsky MR. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 1303–1310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sands KE, Bates DW, Lanken PN et al. Epidemiology of sepsissyndrome in 8 academic medical centers. JAMA 1997; 278: 234.–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivers EP, McIntyre L, Morro DC, Rivers KK. Early and innovative interventions for severe sepsis and septic shock: taking advantage of a window of opportunity. CMAJ 2005; 173: 1054–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin M, Weinstein RA, Hota B. Delay of active antimicrobial therapy and mortality among patients with bacteremia: impact of severe neutropenia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 3188–3194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatzinikolaou I, Abi-Said D, Bodey GP, Rolston KY, Tarrand JJ, Samonis G. Recent experience with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with cancer: retrospective analysis of 245 episodes. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 501–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschmeyer G, Braveny I. Review of the incidence and prognosis of Pseudomonas aeuriginosa infection in cancer patients in the 1990s. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19: 915–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzo PA, Armstrong D, Bodey G, de Pauw B, Feld R, Glauser M. From the Immunocompromised Host Society. The design, analysis, and reporting of clinical trials on the empirical antibiotic management of the neutropenic patient. Report of a consensus panel. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 397–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell JA. Management of sepsis. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1699–1713 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penack O, Beinert T, Buchheidt D et al. Management of sepsis in neutropenia: guidelines of the infectious diseases working party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 2006; 85: 424–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivers E, Ngyuyen B, Havstad S et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1368–1377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter F. Septic shock. Can J Anaesth 1997; 44: 59–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramzi J, Mohamed Z, Yosr B et al. Predictive factors of septic shock and mortality in neutropenic patients. Hematology 2007; 12: 543–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunelli SM, Goldfarb S. Hypophosphatemia: clinical con-sequences and management. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 1999–2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkes P. Hypoproteinemia, strong ion difference, and acid-base status in critically ill patients. J App/ Physiol 1998; 84: 1740–1748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margarson MP, Soni NC. Effects of albumin supplementation on microvascular permeability in septic patients. J App/ Physiol 2001; 92: 2139–2145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 1589–1596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefer AM, Martin J. Origin of the myocardial depressant factor in shock. Am J Physiol 1970; 218: 1423–1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrillo JE, Burch C, Shelhamer JH, Parker MM, Natanson C, Schuette W. A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 1539–1553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price S, Anning PB, Mitchell JA, Evans TW. Myocardial dysfunction in sepsis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 715–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merx MW, Weber C. Sepsis and the heart. Circulation 2007; 116: 793–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C, Chevret S et al. For the European Sepsis Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 461–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santolaya ME, Alvarez AM, Becker A et al. Prospective, multi-center evaluation of risk factors associated with invasive bacterial infection in children with cancer, neutropenia and fever. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 3415–3421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar