Simultaneous targeting of P‐gp and XIAP with siRNAs increases sensitivity of P‐gp overexpressing CML cells to imatinib

References

• Lugo TG, Pendergast AM, Muller AJ, Witte ON. Tyrosine kinase activity and transformation potency of bcr‐abl oncogene products. Science 1990;247:1079–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedi A, Zehnbauer BA, Barber JP, Sharkis SJ, Jones RJ. Inhibition of apoptosis by BCR‐ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1994;83:2038–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortez D, Stoica G, Pierce JH, Pendergast AM. The BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibits apoptosis by activating a Ras‐dependent signaling pathway. Oncogene 1996;13:2589–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambier N, Chopra R, Strasser A, Metcalf D, Elefanty AG. BCR‐ABL activates pathways mediating cytokine independence and protection against apoptosis in murine hematopoietic cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Oncogene 1998;16:335–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon FX, Deininger MW, Schultheis B, Chabrol J, Reiffers J, Goldman JM, et al.. Selection and characterization of BCR‐ABL positive cell lines with differential sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571: diverse mechanisms of resistance. Blood 2000;96:1070–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorre ME, Mohammed M, Ellwood K, Hsu N, Paquette R, Rao PN, et al.. Clinical resistance to STI‐571 cancer therapy caused by BCR‐ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science 2001;293:876–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah NP, Nicoll JM, Nagar B, Gorre ME, Paquette RL, Kuriyan J, et al.. Multiple BCR‐ABL kinase domain mutations confer polyclonal resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571) in chronic phase and blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2002;2:117–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon FX, Belloc F, Lagarde V, Chollet C, Moreau‐Gaudry F, Reiffers J, et al.. MDR1 gene overexpression confers resistance to imatinib mesylate in leukemia cell line models. Blood 2003;101:2368–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illmer T, Schaich M, Platzbecker U, Freiberg‐Richter J, Oelschlagel U, von Bonin M, et al.. P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux is a resistance mechanism of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to treatment with imatinib mesylate. Leukemia 2004;18:401–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima RT, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. Overcoming K562Dox resistance to STI571 (Gleevec) by downregulation of P‐gp expression using siRNAs. Cancer Ther 2007;5:67–76.
   Google Scholar
• Johnstone RW, Ruefli AA, Lowe SW. Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy. Cell 2002;108:153–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debatin KM, Krammer PH. Death receptors in chemotherapy and cancer. Oncogene 2004;23:2950–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pommier Y, Sordet O, Antony S, Hayward RL, Kohn KW. Apoptosis defects and chemotherapy resistance: molecular interaction maps and networks. Oncogene 2004;23:2934–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa Y, Abe S, Kurata M, Hasegawa M, Yamamoto K, Inoue M, et al.. IAP family protein expression correlates with poor outcome of multiple myeloma patients in association with chemotherapy‐induced overexpression of multidrug resistance genes. Am J Hematol 2006;81:824–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes RB, Gangeswaran R, McNeish IA, Wang Y, Lemoine NR. Expression of the IAP protein family is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer cells and is important for resistance to chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2007;120:2344–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amantana A, London CA, Iversen PL, Devi GR. X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein inhibition induces apoptosis and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3:699–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndozangue‐Touriguine O, Sebbagh M, Merino D, Micheau O, Bertoglio J, Breard J. A mitochondrial block and expression of XIAP lead to resistance to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis during progression to metastasis of a colon carcinoma. Oncogene 2008;27:6012–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima RT, Martins LM, Guimaraes JE, Sambade C, Vasconcelos MH. Specific downregulation of bcl‐2 and xIAP by RNAi enhances the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2004;11:309–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter BZ, Milella M, Tsao T, McQueen T, Schober WD, Hu W, et al.. Regulation and targeting of antiapoptotic XIAP in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2003;17:2081–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima RT, Martins LM, Guimaraes JE, Sambade C, Vasconcelos MH. Chemosensitization effects of XIAP downregulation in K562 leukemia cells. J Chemother 2006;18:98–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Z, Liang YJ, Chen ZS, Wang XH, Ding Y, Chen LM, et al.. Overexpression of Survivin and XIAP in MDR cancer cells unrelated to P‐glycoprotein. Oncol Rep 2007;17:969–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasconcelos MH, Beleza SS, Quirk C, Maia LF, Sambade C, Guimaraes JE. Limited synergistic effect of antisense oligonucleotides against bcr‐abl and transferrin receptor mRNA in leukemic cells in culture. Cancer Lett 2000;152:135–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor R. The pharmacology of cancer resistance. Anticancer Res 2007;27:1267–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaCasse EC, Mahoney DJ, Cheung HH, Plenchette S, Baird S, Korneluk RG. IAP‐targeted therapies for cancer. Oncogene 2008;27:6252–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang MH, Reynolds CP. Bcl‐2 inhibitors: targeting mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:1126–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labi V, Grespi F, Baumgartner F, Villunger A. Targeting the Bcl‐2‐regulated apoptosis pathway by BH3 mimetics: a breakthrough in anticancer therapy? Cell Death Differ 2008;15:977–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizutani Y, Nakanishi H, Li YN, Matsubara H, Yamamoto K, Sato N, et al.. Overexpression of XIAP expression in renal cell carcinoma predicts a worse prognosis. Int J Oncol 2007;30:919–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongo F, Huerta‐Yepez S, Yu H, Goodglick L, Chia D, Horvath S, et al.. Overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP in human prostate cancer. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 2005;46:abstract 4205.
   Google Scholar
• Kluger HM, McCarthy MM, Alvero AB, Sznol M, Ariyan S, Camp RL, et al.. The X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is up‐regulated in metastatic melanoma, and XIAP cleavage by Phenoxodiol is associated with Carboplatin sensitization. J Transl Med 2007;5:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaalburg W, Hendrikse NH, Elsinga PH, Bart J, van Waarde A. P‐glycoprotein activity and biological response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005;207:257–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trnkova Z, Bedrlikova R, Markova J, Michalova K, Stockbauer P, Schwarz J. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR evaluation of the MDR1 gene expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Neoplasma 2007;54:383–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notarbartolo M, Cervello M, Dusonchet L, Cusimano A, D’Alessandro N. Resistance to diverse apoptotic triggers in multidrug resistant HL60 cells and its possible relationship to the expression of P‐glycoprotein, Fas and of the novel anti‐apoptosis factors IAP (inhibitory of apoptosis proteins). Cancer Lett 2002;180:91–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notarbartolo M, Cervello M, Poma P, Dusonchet L, Meli M, D’Alessandro N. Expression of the IAPs in multidrug resistant tumor cells. Oncol Rep 2004;11:133–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DW, Kim KO, Shin MJ, Ha JH, Seo SW, Yang J, et al.. siRNA‐based targeting of antiapoptotic genes can reverse chemoresistance in P‐glycoprotein expressing chondrosarcoma cells. Mol Cancer 2009;8:28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakunlu RI, Cook TJ, Minko T. Simultaneous modulation of multidrug resistance and antiapoptotic cellular defense by MDR1 and BCL‐2 targeted antisense oligonucleotides enhances the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin. Pharm Res 2003;20:351–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg E, Griffin JD. Mechanism of resistance to the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in BCR/ABL‐transformed hematopoietic cell lines. Blood 2000;95:3498–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubert S, Grunweller A, Erdmann VA, Kurreck J. Local RNA target structure influences siRNA efficacy: systematic analysis of intentionally designed binding regions. J Mol Biol 2005;348:883–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykxhoorn DM, Novina CD, Sharp PA. Killing the messenger: short RNAs that silence gene expression. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003;4:457–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biscardi M, Teodori E, Caporale R, Budriesi R, Balestri F, Scappini B, et al.. Multidrug reverting activity toward leukemia cells in a group of new verapamil analogues with low cardiovascular activity. Leuk Res 2006;30:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar