References
- American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: 2007 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2007.
- Stansbury JP, Jia H, Williams LS, Voge WB, Duncan PW. Ethnic disparities in stroke epidemiology, acute care, and postacute outcomes. Stroke. 2005;36(2):374–386.
- Williams DR, Jackson PB. Social sources of racial disparities in health. Health Affairs. 2005;24(2):325–334.
- Williams DR, Sternthal M. Understanding racial–ethnic disparities in health sociological contributions. J Health Soc Behav. 2010;51(1 Suppl):S15–S27.
- Kissela B, Schneider A, Kleindorfer D, et al. Stroke in a biracial population: the excess burden of stroke among blacks. Stroke. 2004;35(2):426–431.
- Eaves YD. ‘What happened to me’: rural African American elders' experiences of stroke. J Neurosci Nurs. 2000;32(1):37–48.
- Gillum RF. Secular trends in stroke mortality in African Americans: the role of urbanization, diabetes and obesity. Neuroepidemiology. 1997;16(4):180–184.
- Roth DL, Haley WE, Clay OJ, et al. Race and gender differences in 1-year outcomes for community-dwelling stroke survivors with family caregivers. Stroke. 2011;42(3):626–631.
- Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American stroke association. Stroke. 2011;42(1):227–276.
- Get with the Guidelines® — Stroke Overview [Internet]. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2013 Dec 18 – [cited 2014 Feb 28]. Available from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthcareResearch/GetWithTheGuidelinesHFStrokeResus/GetWithTheGuidelinesStrokeHomePage/Get-With-The-Guide lines-Stroke-Overview_UCM_308021_Article.jsp.
- Bian J, Oddone EZ, Samsa GP, Lipscomb J, Matchar DB. Racial differences in survival post cerebral infarction among the elderly. Neurology. 2003;60(2):285–290.
- Murray CJ, Lopez AD. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Boston, MA: Harvard School of Public Health; 1996.
- Sowers JR, Ferdinand KC, Bakris GL, Douglas JG. Hypertension-related disease in African Americans. Factors underlying disparities in illness and its outcome. Postgrad Med. 2002;112(4):24–26, 29-30, 33-34.
- Boan A, Feng W, Ovbiagele B, et al. Persistent racial disparity in stroke hospitalizations and economic impact in young adults in the buckle of the stoke belt. Stroke. 2014;45:1932–1938.
- Ottenbacher KJ, Campbell J, Kuo YF. Racial and ethnic differences in postacute rehabilitation outcomes after stroke in the United States. Stroke. 2008;39:1514–1519.
- Blixen C, Perzynski A, Cage J, et al. Stroke recovery and prevention barriers among young African-American men: Potential avenues to reduce health disparities. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014;21(5):432–442.
- Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–65.
- Wade DT, Collin C. The Barthel ADL Index: a standard measure of physical disability? Int Disabil Stud. 1988;10(2):64–67.
- Krueger RA. Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1994.
- Berg BL. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 1998.
- Ezzy D. Qualitative Analysis: Practice and Innovation. London/New York: Routledge; Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin 2002.
- Morse J. Qualitative Health Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. 2002.
- Yanow D, Schwartz-Shea P. Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, Inc. 2006.
- Flynn SJ, Ameling JM, Hill-Briggs F, et al. Facilitators and barriers to hypertension self-management in urban African Americans: perspectives of patients and family members. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2013;7:741.
- Ogedegbe G, Harrison M, Robbins L, Mancuso CA, Allegrante JP. Barriers and facilitators of medication adherence in hypertensive African Americans: a qualitative study. Ethn Dis. 2004;14(1):3.
- Dennis CL. Peer support within a health care context: a concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003;40:321–332.
- Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004;31(2):143–164.
- Street RL Jr, Makoul G, Arora NK, Epstein RM. How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician–patient communication to health outcomes. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;74(3):295–301.
- Chevannes M. Issues in educating health professionals to meet the diverse needs of patients and other service users from ethnic minority groups. J Adv Nurs. 2002;39(3):290–298.
- Cooper LA, Roter DL, Johnson RL, Ford DE, Steinwachs DM, Powe NR. Patient-centered communication, ratings of care, and concordance of patient and physician race. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):907–915.
- Jack L, Liburd L, Tucker P, Cockrell T. Having their say: patients' perspectives and the clinical management of diabetes. Clin Therap. 2014;36(4):469–476.