Peripheral Nerve Biomechanics: Application To Neuromobilization Approaches

REFERENCES

• Shacklock MO. Clinical application of neurodynamics. In: Shacklock MO Moving in on Pain. Australia: ButterworthHeinemann, 1995:123–131
   Google Scholar
• Sunderland S. Causes of nerve injury. Terminology. Compression nerve injury. In: Sunderland S Nerve Injuries and Their Repair, a Critical Appraisal. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Sunderland S. The connective tissues of peripheral nerves. Brain 1965; 88:841–854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler DS. Treatment and treatment potential. In: Butler DS Mobilization of the Nervous System. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Sunderland S. Anatomical features relating to the branch pattern of nerve trunks. In: Sunderland S Nerve and Nerve Injuries. 2nd edi Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1978:61–66
   Google Scholar
• Millesi H, Zoch G, Reihsner R. Mechanical properties of peripheral nerves Clin Orthop 1995;314:76–83
   Google Scholar
• McLellan DL, Swash M. Longitudinal sliding of the median nerve during movements of the upper limb. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976; 39:566–570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamichi K, Tachibana S. Restricted motion of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome. Br J Hand Surg 1995; 20B:460–464
   Google Scholar
• Wilgis EF, Murphy R. The Significance of longitudinal excursion in peripheral nerves. Hand Clin 1986; 2:761–766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo RM, Bay BK, Sharkey NA, Gaut C. Median nerve displacement through the carpal canal. Am J Hand Surg 1994; 19A:901–906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright TW, Glowczewskie F, Wheeler D, Miller G, Cowin D. Excursion and strain of the median nerve. Am J Bone Joint Surg 1996; 78:1897–1903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beith ID, Robins EJ, Richards PR. An assessment of the adaptive mechanisms within and surrounding the peripheral nervous system, during changes in the nerve bed length resulting from underlying joint movement. In: Shacklock MO (ed.) Moving in on Pain. Australia: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995:194–203
   Google Scholar
• Kleinrensink GJ, Stoeckart R, Meulstee J, Sukul DMKSK, Vleeming A, Snijders CJ, et al. Lowered motor conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve after inversion trauma. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993:877–883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo SL, Debski RE, Withrow JD, Janaushek MA. Biomechanics of knee ligaments. Am J Sports Med 1999; 27:533–543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haftek J. Stretch injury of peripheral nerve: Acute effects of stretching in rabbit nerve. Br J Bone Joint Surg 1970; 52B:354–364
   Google Scholar
• Keir PJ, Wells RP. Changes in geometry of the finger flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel with wrist posture and tendon load: An MRI study on normal wrists. Clin Biomech 1999; 14:635–645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rask MR. Medial plantar neurapraxia (Jogger’s Foot) Report of 3 Cases. Clin Orthop 1978; 134:193–195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundborg G, Rydevik B. Effects of stretching the tibial nerve of the rabbit. Br J Bone Joint Surg 1973; 55B:390–401
   Google Scholar
• Lundborg G. Structure and function of the intraneural microvessels as related to trauma, edema formation, and nerve function. Am J Bone Joint Surg 1975; 57A:938–948
   Google Scholar
• Clark WL, Trumble TE, Swiontkowski MF, Tencer AF. Nerve tension and blood flow in a rat model of immediate and delayed repairs. Am J Hand Surg 1992; 17A:677–687
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata K, Naito M. Blood flow of peripheral nerve effects of dissection, stretching and compression. Br J Hand Surg 1986; 11B:10–14
   Google Scholar
• Rempel D, Dahlin L, Lundborg G. Current concepts review - Pathophysiology of nerve compression syndromes: Response of peripheral nerve to loading. Am J Bone Joint Surg 1999; 81A:1600–1610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnnon SE, Dellon AL, Hudson AR, Hunter DA. Chronic nerve compression - An experimental model in the rat. Ann Plas Sur 1984; 13:112–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rydevik B, McLean WG, Sjostrand J, Lundborg G. Blockage of axonal transport induced by acute, graded compression of the rabbit vagus neve. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43:690–698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlin LB, McLean WG. Effects of graded experimental compression on slow and fast axonal transport in rabbit vagus nerve. J Neurological Sciences 1986; 72:19–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan MK, Wall EJ, Massie J, Garfin SR. Strain, stress and stretch of peripheral nerve. Acta Orthop Scand 1992; 63:267–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rydevik B, Lundborg G, Bagge U. Effects of graded compression on intraneural blood flow. Am J Hand Surg 1981; 6A:3–12
   Google Scholar
• Dahlin LB, Lundborg G. The neurone and its response to peripheral nerve compression. Br J Hand Surg 1990; 15B:5–10
   Google Scholar
• Dahlin LB, Nordborg C, Lundborg G. Morphologic changes in nerve cell bodies induced by experimental graded nerve compression. Exp Neurol 1987; 95:611–621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvey RL. Physical evaluation of the peripheral nervous system in disorders of pain and dysfunction. J Hand Ther 1997; 10:122–129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall TM, Elvey RL. Nerve trunk pain: physical diagnosis and treatment. Manual Ther 1999; 4:63–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvey RL, Hall T. Neural tissue evaluation and treatment. In: Donatelli RA (ed.) Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997:131–152
   Google Scholar
• Butler DS. The upper limb tension test revisted. In: Grant R (ed.) Physical Therapy of the Cerical and Thoracic Spine. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994:217–244
   Google Scholar
• Howard PD. Neurodynamic testing of patients with acute low back pain. Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Clinics of North America - Managing Acute Low Back Pain in the New Health Care Environment, Part 1 1995;4:209–224
   Google Scholar
• Maitland GD. Peripheral Manipulation, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann: 1991
   Google Scholar
• Hall T, Quintner J. Responses to mechanical stimulation of the upper limb in painful cervical radiculopathy. Aust J Physiother 1996; 42:277–285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall T, Zusman M, Elvey RL. Adverse mechanical tension in the nervous system? Analysis of straight leg raise. Manual Ther 1998; 3:140–146
   Google Scholar
• Neuberger A, Slack HGB. The metabolism of collagen from liver, bone, skin, and tendons in the normal rat. Biochem J 1953; 53:47–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uitto J. Connective Tissue Biochemistry of the Aging Dermis. Clinical Geriatric Med 1989; 5:127–147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu SH, Yang R-S, Al-Shaikh R, Lane JM. Collagen in Tendon Ligament, and Bone Healing, Clin Orthop 1995; 318:265–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar