Clinically useful outcome measures for physiotherapy airway clearance techniques: a review

REFERENCE

• Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Priorities for physiotherapy research in the UK project report 2002 i London: Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Priorities for Physiotherapy Research in the UK: Topics prioritised by the cardiorespiratory expert panel (Annex 1) i London: Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, 2002
   Google Scholar
• AACVPR. Guidelines for Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs i 3rd edn. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Oermann CM, Sockrider MM, Giles D, Sontag MK, Accurso FJ, Castile RG. Comparison of high-frequency chest wall oscillation and oscillating positive expiratory pressure in the home management of cystic fibrosis: a pilot study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001;32:372–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor JA. Physiotherapy for airway clearance in adults. Eur Respir J 1999;14:1418–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson R, Bye PTB. Mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002;33:293–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas J, Cook DJ, Brooks D. Chest physical therapy management of patients with cystic fibrosis. A meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATS. Pulmonary Rehabilitation-I 999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1666–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones PW, Agusti AGN. Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2006;27:822–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatham K, Lonescu AA, Nixon LS, Shale DJ. A short-time comparison of two methods of sputum expectoration in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J2004;23:435–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams EM, Madgwick RG, Thomson AH, Morris MJ. Expiratory airflow patterns in children and adults with cystic fibrosis. Chest 2000;117:1078–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen J, Falk M, Groth S, Jensen C. The effects of postural drainage and positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy on trancheobronchial clearance in cystic fibrosis. Chest 1991;100:1350–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arens R, Gozal D, Omlin KJ, Vega J, Boyd KP, Keens TG, et al i Comparison of high frequency chest compression and conventional chest physiotherapy in hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:1154–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olseni L, Midgren B, Hornblad Y, Wollmer P. Chest physiotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: forced expiratory technique combined with either postural drainage or positive expiratory pressure breathing. Respir Med 1994;88:435–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton PP, Parker RA, Webber BA, Newman SP, Garland N, Lopez-Vidriero MT, et al. Assessment of the forced expiration technique, postural drainage and directed coughing in chest physiotherapy. Eur J Respir Dis 1983;64:62–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pfleger A, Theissl B, Oberwaldner B, Zach MS. Self-administered chest physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis: a comparative study of high-pressure PEP and autogenic drainage. Lung 1992;170:323–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braggion C, Cappelletti LM, Cornacchia M, Zanolla L, Mastella G. Short-term effects of three chest physiotherapy regimens in patients hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: a cross-over randomized study. Pediatr Pulmono l 1995;19:16–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk M, Kelstrup M, Andersen JB, Kinoshita T, Falk P, Stovring S, et al. Improving the ketchup bottle method with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Respir Dis 1984;65:423–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kluft J, Beker L, Castagnino M, Gaiser J, Chaney H, Fink RJ. A comparison of bronchial drainage treatments in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 1996;22:271–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmond KJ, Schwenk WF, Thomas E, Beaudry PH, Coates AL. Immediate and long-term effects of chest physiotherapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 1983;103:538–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams M, Parsons D, Frick R, Ellis E, Martin A, Giles S, et al. Energy expenditure during physiotherapy-assisted and self treatment in cystic fibrosis. Physiother Theory Pract 2000;16:57–67
   Google Scholar
• Boeck CD. Cough versus chest physiotherapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:182–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ambrosino N, Callegari G, Galloni C, Brega S, Pinna G. Clinical evaluation of oscillating positive expiratory pressure for enhancing expectoration in diseases other than cystic fibrosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1995;50:269–75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ATS/ERS. Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2002;166:518–624
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller MR, Crapo R, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, et al. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J2005;26:153–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce RJ, Hillman D, Young IH, O’Donoghue F, Zimmerman PV, West S, et al. Respiratory function tests and their application. Respirology 2005;10:S1–19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harik-Khan RI, Fleg JL, Muller DC, Wise RA. The effect of anthropometric and socioeconomic factors on the racial difference in lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1647–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005;26:319–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gappa M. The infant with cystic fibrosis: lung function. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004;5:S361–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishimura K, Izumi T, Tsukino M, Oga T. Dyspnoea is a better predictor of 5-year survival than airway obstruction in patients with COPD. Chest 2002;121:1434–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes JMB, Pride NB. Lung function tests. London: WB Saunders, Elsevier Science, 2003
   Google Scholar
• App EM, Kieselmann R, Reinhardt D, Lindemann H, Dasgupta B, King M, et al. Sputum rheology changes in cystic fibrosis lung disease following two different types of physiotherapy. Chest 1998;114:171–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellone A, Lascioli R, Raschi S, Guzzi L, Adone E. Chest physical therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: effectiveness of three methods. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:558–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrell JC, Hiller EJ, Martin J. Face mask physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:598–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White D, Stiller K, Willson K. The role of thoracic expansion exercises during the active cycle of breathing techniques. Physiother Theory Pract 1997;13:155–62
   Google Scholar
• Homnick DN, Anderson K, Marks JH. Comparison of the flutter device to standard chest physiotherapy in hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest 1998;114:993–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton DAG, Bevans HG. Physiotherapy and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of chronic bronchitis. BMJ 1978;2:1525–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cerny FJ. Relative effects of bronchial drainage and exercise for in-hospital care of patients with cystic fibrosis. Phys Ther 1989;69:633–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlwaine PM, Wong LT, Peacock D, Davidson AGF. Longterm comparative trial of conventional postural drainage and percussion versus positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 1997;131:570–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlwaine PM, Wong LT, Peacock D, Davidson AGF. Longterm comparative trial of positive expiratory pressure versus oscillating expiratory pressure (flutter) physiotherapy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 2001;138:845–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey BW, Boat TF. Outcome measures for clinical trials in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 1994;124:177–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AARC. Clinical practice guideline: pulse oximetry. Respir Care 1991;36:1406–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hakemi A, Bender JA. Understanding pulse oximetry, advantages and limitations. Home Health Care Manag Pract 2005;17:416–8
   Google Scholar
• Schutz SL. Oxygen saturation monitoring by pulse oximetry, 4th edn. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2001
   Google Scholar
• ATS. Dyspnea, mechanisms, assessment and management: a consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:321–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May DB, Munt PW. Physiological effects of chest percussion and postural drainage in patients with stable chronic bronchitis. Chest 1979;75:29–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohsenifar Z, Rosenberg N, Goldberg HS, Koerner SK. Mechanical vibration and conventional chest physiotherapy in outpatients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease. Chest 1985;87:483–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmeyr JL, Webber BA, Hodson ME. Evaluation of positive expiratory pressure as an adjunct to chest physiotherapy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Thorax 1986;41:951–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer TA, Barandun J, Martinez E, Wanner A, Rubin EM. Effect of high-frequency oral airway and chest wall oscillation and conventional chest physical therapy on expectoration in patients with stable cystic fibrosis. Chest 1998;113:1019–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor JA, Prasad SA. Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems - Adults and Paediatrics i 3rd edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Science, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Gatt ME, Spectre G, Paltiel O, Hiller N, Stalnikowicz R. Chest radiographs in the emergency department: is the radiologist really necessary? Postgr Med J 2003;79:214–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman PG, Hessel SJ. Accuracy and its relationship to experience in the interpretation of chest radiographs. Invest Radiol 1975;10:62–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young M, Marrie TJ. Interobserver variability in the interpretation of chest roentgenograms of patients with possible pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2729–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albaum MN, Hill LC, Murphy M, Li Y-H, Fuhrman CR, Britton CA, et al. Interobserver reliability of the chest radiograph in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 1996;110:343–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson PJA, Wilson D, Coral A, Murphy A, Verow P. Variation between experienced observers in the interpretation of accident and emergency radiographs. Br J Radiol 1999;72:323–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brasfield D, Hicks G, Soong S, Tiller RE. The chest roentgenogram in cystic fibrosis: a new scoring system. Pediatrics 1979;63:24–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakeda S, Moriya J, Sato H, Aoki T, Watanabe H, Nakata H, et al i Improved detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs using a commercial computer-aided diagnosis system. Am J Roentgenol 2004;182:505–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S-C, Chang K-J, Hsu C-Y. Accuracy of auscultation in the detection of haemopneumothorax. Eur J Surg 1998;164:643–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melbye H. Auscultation of the lungs, still a useful examination? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2001;121:451–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piirila P, Sovijarvi ARA. Crackles: recording, analysis and clinical significance. Eur Respir J 1995;8:2139–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovijarvi ARA, Vanderschoot J, Earis JE. Standardization of computerized respiratory sound analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2000;10:585
   Google Scholar
• Welsby PD, Earis JE. Some high pitched thoughts on chest examination. Postgr Med J 2001;77:617–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allingame S. Accuracy and reliability of physiotherapists in the interpretation of tape-recorded lung sounds. Aust J Physiother 1995;41:179–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brooks D, Thomas J. Interrater reliability of auscultation of breath sounds among physical therapists. Phys Ther 1995;75:1082–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks D, Wilson L, Kelsey C. Accuracy and reliability therapists in auscultating tape-recorded lung sounds. Physiother Can 1993;45:21–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elphick HE, Lancaster GA, Solis A, Majumdar A, Gupta R, Smyth RL. Validity and reliability of acoustic analysis of respiratory sounds in infants. Arch Dis Child 2004;89:1059–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loudon R, Murphy RLH. Lung sounds. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:663–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasterkamp H, Montgomery M, Wiebicke W. Nomenclature used by health care professionals to describe sounds in asthma. Chest 1987;92:346–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalmay F, Antonini MT, Marquet P, Menier R. Acoustic properties of the normal chest. Eur Respir J 1995;8:1761–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasterkamp H, Kraman SS, Wodicka GR. Respiratory sounds - advances beyond the stethoscope. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:974–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsby PD, Parry G, Smith D. The stethoscope: some preliminary investigations. Postgr Med J 2003;79:695–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovijarvi ARA, Malmberg LP, Charbonneau G, Vanderschoot J, Dalmasso F, Sacco C, et al. Characteristics of breath sounds and adventitious respiratory sounds. Eur Respir Rev 2000;10:591–6
   Google Scholar
• Kompis M, Pasterkamp H, Wodicka GR. Acoustic imaging of the human chest. Chest 2001;120:1309–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovijarvi ARA, Dalmasso F, Vanderschoot J, Malmberg LP, Righini G, Stoneman SAT. Definition of terms for application of respiratory sounds. Eur Respir Rev 2000;10:597–610
   Google Scholar
• Meslier N, Charbonneau G, Racineux J-L. Wheezes. Eur Respir J 1995;8:1942–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy ML, Holford SF, Knowler WC. Visual lung-sound characterization by time-expanded wave-form analysis. N Engl J Med 1977;296:968–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck R, Gavriely N. The reproducibility of forced expiratory wheezes. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:1418–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury SK, Majumder AK. Frequency analysis of adventitious lung sounds. J Biomed Eng 1982;4:305–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baughman RP, Loudon RG. Lung sound analysis for continuous evaluation of airflow obstruction in asthma. Chest 1985;88:364–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath AR, Capel LH. Inspiratory crackles and mechanical events of breathing. Thorax 1974;29:695–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forgacs P. Lung sounds i London: Baillière Tindall, 1978
   Google Scholar
• Kiyokawa H, Geenberg M, Shirota K, Pasterkamp H. Auditory detection of simulated crackles in breath sounds. Chest 2001;119:1886–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez I, Vizcaya C. Tracheal and lung sounds repeatability in normal adults. Respir Med 2003;97:1257–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiyokawa H, Pasterkamp H. Volume-dependent variations of regional lung sound, amplitude and phase. J Appl Physiol 2002;93:1030–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earis JE, Cheetham BMG. Current methods used for computerized respiratory sound analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2000;10:586–90
   Google Scholar
• Earis JE, Cheetham BMG. Future perspectives for respiratory sound research. Eur Respir Rev 2000;10:641–6
   Google Scholar
• Piirila P. Changes in crackle characteristics during the clinical course of pneumonia. Chest 1992;102:176–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy RLH, Vyshedskiy A, Power-Charnitsky V-A, Bana DS, Marinelli PM, Wong-Tse A, et al. Automated lung sound analysis in patients with pneumonia. Respir Care 2004;49:1490–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piirila P, Sovijarvi ARA, Kaisla T, Rajala H-M, Katila T. Crackles in patients with fibrosing alveolitis, bronchiectasis, COPD, and heart failure. Chest 1991;99:1076–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirai F, Kudoh S, Shibuya A, Sada K, Mikami R. Crackles in asbestos workers: auscultation and lung sound analysis. Br J Dis Chest 1981;75:386–96
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urquhart RB, McGhee J, Macleod JES. The diagnostic value of pulmonary sounds: a preliminary study by computer-aided analyses. Computers Biol Med 1981;11:129–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi M, Sovijarvi ARA, Piirila P, Vannuccini L, Dalmasso FVJ. Environmental and subject conditions and breathing manoeuvres for respiratory sound recordings. Eur Respir Rev 2000;10:611–5
   Google Scholar
• Baughman RP, Loudon RG. Quantitation of wheezing in acute asthma. Chest 1984;86:718–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiz JA, Jane R, Homs A, Izquierdo J, Garcia MA, Morera J. Detection of wheezing during maximal forced exhalation in patients with obstructed airways. Chest 2002;122:186–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiz JA, Jane R, Salvatella D, Izquierdo J, Lores L, Caminal P, et al. Analysis of tracheal sounds during forced exhalation in asthma patients and normal subjects. Chest 1999;116:633–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg LP, Sovijarvi ARA, Paajanen E, Piirila P, Haahtela T, Katila T. Changes in frequency spectra of breath sounds during histaminic challenge test in adult asthmatics and healthy control subjects. Chest 1994;105:122–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavriely N, Nissan M, Cugell DW, Rubin AHE. Respiratory health screening using pulmonary function tests and lung sound analysis. Eur Respir J 1994;7:35–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreur HJW, Vanderschoot J, Zwinderman AH, Dijkman JH, Sterk PJ. Abnormal lung sounds in patients with asthma during episodes with normal lung function. Chest 1994;106:91–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohlmann A, Sehati S, Young D. Effect of changes in lung volume on acoustic transmission through the human respiratory system. Physiol Meas 2001;22:233–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovijarvi ARA, Malmberg P, Paajanen E, Piirila P, Kallio K, Katila T. Averaged and timed-gated spectral analysis of respiratory sounds - repeatability of spectral parameters in healthy men and in patients with fibrosing alveolitis. Chest 1996;109:1283–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar