REFERENCES
- Fine SM, Angel RA, Perry SW et al. Tumour necrosis factor-a inhibits glutamate uptake by primary human astrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271: 15303–15306.
- Piani D, Frei K, Pfister H, Fonatano A. Glutamate uptake by astrocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen intermediates but not by other macrophage-derived molecules including cytokines, leukotrienes or platelet activating factor. J Neuroimmunol 1993; 48: 99–104.
- Szabo C, Dawson VL. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase in inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion. Trends Physiol Sci 1998; 19: 287–298.
- Schraufstatter IU, Hyslop PA, Hinshaw DB, Spragg RG, Sklar LA, Cochrane CG. Hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of cells and its prevention by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 4908–4912.
- Batting NP. Chemistry and neurochemistry of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Chem Soc Rev 1995; 24: 401–412.
- Bernofsky C, Swan M. An improved cycling assay for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Anal Biochem 1973; 53: 452–458.
- Takikawa O, Kuroiwa T, Yamazaki F, Kido R. Mechanism of interferon-γ action: characterization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in cultured human cells by interferon-7 and evaluation of the enzyme mediated tryptophan degradation in its anticellular activity. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 2041–2048.
- Moss DW, Henderson AR, Kachmar JF. Enzymes. In: Tietz NW. (ed) Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Sydney: Saunders, 1986; 619–762.
- Heyes MP, Chen CY, Major EO, Saito K. Different kynurenine pathway enzymes limit quinolinic acid formation by various human cell types. Biochem J 1997; 326: 351–356.
- Perera LP, Waldmann TA. Activation of human monocytes induces differential resistance to apoptosis with rapid down regulation of caspase-8/FLICE. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 14308–14313.