REFERENCES
- Cappell MS. Intestinal (mesenteric) vasculopathy. I. Acute superior mesenteric arteriopathy and venopathy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1998; 27: 783–825.
- Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Crinnon JN, Gough MJ. Post-ischemic organ dysfunction: a review. Eur J Vasc Endosc Surg 1997; 14: 195–203.
- Hernandez LA, Grisham MB, Twohig B, Arfors KE, Harlan JM, Granger DN. Role of neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion induced microvascular injury. Am J Physiol 1987; 253: H699–H703.
- Yoshida N, Granger DN, Anderson DC, Rothlein R, Lane C, Kvietys PR. Anoxia/reoxygenation-inducedneutrophil adherence to cultured endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: H1891–H1898.
- Palluy O, Morliere L, Gris JC, Bonne C, Modat G. Hypoxia/reoxygenetion stimulates endothelium to promote neutrophil adhesion. Free Radic Biol Med 1992; 13: 21–30.
- Lemberger T, Desvergne B, Wahli W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1996; 12: 335–363.
- Schoonjans K, Martin G, Staels B, Auwerx J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, orphans with ligands and functions. Curr Opin Lipidol 1997; 8: 159–166.
- Jiang C, Ting AT, Seed B. PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines. Nature 1998; 391: 82–86.
- Ricote M, Li AC, Willson TM, Kelly CJ, Glass CK. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is a negative regulator of macrophage activation. Nature 1998; 391: 79–82.
- Su CG, Wen X, Bailey ST et al. A novel therapy for colitis utilizing PPAR-gamma ligands to inhibit the epithelial inflammatory response. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 383–389.
- Desreumaux P. Dubuquoy L, Nutten S et al. Attenuation of colon inflammation through activators of the retinoid X receptor (RXR)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) heterodimer. A basis for new therapeutic strategies. J Exp Med 2001; 193: 827–838.
- Pasceri V, Wu HD, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Modulation of vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators. Circulation 2000; 101: 235–238.
- Combs CK, Johnson DE, Karlo JC, Cannady SB, Landreth GE. Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: inhibition of beta-amyloid-stimulated proinflanunatoty responses and neurotoxicity by PPAR-gamma agonists. J Neurosci 2000; 20: 558–567.
- Kawahito Y, Kondo M, Tsubouchi Yet al. 15-Deoxy-(12,14)-PGJ2 induces synoviocyte apoptosis and suppresses adjuvant-induced arthritis. J Clin Invest 2000; 106: 189–197.
- Naito Y, Takagi T, Matsuyama K, Yoshida N, Yoshikawa T. Pioglitazone, a specific PPAR-y ligand, inhibits aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 865–873.
- Nakajima A, Wada K, Mild H et al. Endogenous PPAR gamma mediates anti-inflammatory activity in murine ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 460–469.
- Lehmann JM, Morre LB, Smith-Oliver TA, Willdnson WO, Willson TM, Kliewer SA. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptory. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 12953–12956.
- Grisham MB, Hernandez LA, Granger DN. Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia. Am J Physiol 1986; 252: G567–G574.
- Naito Y, Takagi T, Ishikawa T et al. The inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ONO-1714 blunts dextran sulfate sodium colitis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 412: 91–99.
- Granger DN. Role of xanthine oxidase and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol 1988; 255: H1269–H1275.
- Kurtel H, Fujimoto K, Zimmerman BJ, Granger DN, Tso P. Ischemia-reperfusion-induced mucosal dysfunction: role of neutrophils. Am J Physiol 1991; 261: G490–G496.
- Sisley AC, Desai T, Haig JM, Gewertz BL. Neutrophil depletion attenuates human intestinal reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 1994; 57: 192–196.
- Granger DN, Korthuis RJ. Physiological mechanism of postischemic tissue injury. Annu Rev Physiol 1995; 57: 311–332.
- Hayward R, Lefer AM. Time course of endothelial-neutrophil interaction in splanchnic artery ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: H2080–H2086.
- Hayward R, Lefer AM. Acute mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion: protective effects of recombinant soluble P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Shock 1999; 12: 201–207.
- Yagihashi A, Tsuruma T, Tarumi K et al. Prevention of small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat by anti-cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant monoclonal antibody. J Surg Res 1998; 78: 92–96.
- Ichikawa H, Flores S, Kvietys PR et al. Molecular mechanisms of anoxia/reoxygenation-inducedneutrophil adherence to cultured endothelial cells. Circ Res 1997; 81: 922–931.
- Kvietys PR, Granger DN. Endothelial cell monolayers as a tool for studying microvascular pathophysiology.Am J Physiol 1997; 273: G1189–G1199.
- Kokura S, Wolf RE, Yoshikawa T, Granger DN, Aw TY. T-lymphocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor exacerbates anoxia-reoxygenation-induced neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion. Circ Res 2000; 86: 205–213.
- Tamion F, Richard V, Lyoumi S et al. Gut ischemia and mesenteric synthesis of inflammatory cytokines after hemorrhagic or endotoxic shock. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: G314–G321.
- Russell J, Epstein CJ, Grisham MB, Alexander JS, Yeh KY, Granger DN. Regulation of E-selectin expression in postischemic intestinal microvasculature. Am J Physiol 2000; 278: G878–G885.
- Yoshikawa T, Takano H, Naito Y, Oyamada H, Ueda S, Kondo M. Augmentative effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (human, natural type) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived superoxide generation induced by various stimulants. Int J Immunopharmacol1992; 14: 1391-1398.
- Yasumoto K, Okamoto S, Mukaida N, Murakami S, Mai M, Matsushima K. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma synergistically induce interleukin-8 production in a human gastric cancer cell line through acting concurrently on AP-1 and NF-KB-like binding sites of the interleukin-8 gene. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 22506–22511.
- Kahky MP, Daniel CO, Cruz AB, Gaskill HD. Portal infusion of tumor necrosis factor increases mortality in rats. J Surg Res 1990; 49: 138–145.