Effects of catechin and epicatechin on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, in vivo

References

• Halliwell B, Whiteman M. Measuring RS and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean? Br J Pharamacol 2004;142:231–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kregel KC, Zhang HJ. An integrated view of oxidative stress in aging: basic mechanisms, functional effects, and pathological considerations. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;292:R18–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keaney JF, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Wilson PWF, Lipinska I, Corey D, et al. Obesity and systemic oxidative stress: clinical correlates of oxidative stress in the Framingham study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:434–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceriello A, Motz E. Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:816–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts CK, Sindhu KK. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2009;84:705–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitchon CA, El-Gabalawy HS. Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004;6:265–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2006;160:1–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi N, Watanabe A, Shi H. Diverse functions of antioxidants. Free Radic Res 2000;33:809–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaefer CM, Milner JA. The role of herbs and spices in cancer prevention. J Nutr Biochem 2008;19:347–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kähkönen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha JP, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS, et al. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:3954–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends Plant Sci 1997;2:152–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natsume M, Osakabe N, Yasuda A, Baba S, Tokunaga T, Kondo K, et al. In vitro antioxidative activity of (2)-epicatechin glucuronide metabolites present in human and rat plasma. Free Radic Res 2004;38:1341–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ortega RM. Importance of functional foods in the mediterranean diet. Public Health Nutr 2006;9:1136–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B. Are polyphenols antioxidants or pro-oxidants? What do we learn from cell culture and in vivo studies? Arch Biochem Biophys 2008;476:107–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan P, Cheng JT, Tsai JC, Lien GS, Chen FC, Kao PF, et al. Effect of catechin on the activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase in cultured rat brain astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2002;328:281–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying CJ, Sun XF, Zhang SL, Zhang XP, Mao LM, Zuo XZ, et al. ROS related enzyme expressions in endothelial cells regulated by tea polyphenols. Biomed Environ Sci 2004;17:33–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YM, Chan HYE, Huang Y, Chen ZY. Green tea catechins upregulate superoxide dismutase and catalase in fruit flies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51:546–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal A, Prasad R, Jaina A. Effect of green tea extract (catechins) in reducing oxidative stress seen in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis on DOTS Cat I regimen. Phytomedicine 2010;17:23–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simos Y, Karkabounas S, Verginadis I, Charalampidis P, Filiou D, Charalabopoulos K, et al. Intra-peritoneal application of catechins and EGCG as in vivo inhibitors of ozone-induced oxidative stress. Phytomedicine 2011;18:579–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner H, Ulrich-Merzenich G. Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Phytomedicine 2009;16:97–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charalampidis PS, Veltsistas P, Karkabounas S, Evangelou A. Blue CrO5 assay: a novel spectrophotometric method for the evaluation of the antioxidant and oxidant capacity of various biological substances. Eur J Med Chem 2009;44:4162–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong YC, Lee KH, Yi CH, Ha EH, Christiani DC. Genetic susceptibility of term pregnant women to oxidative damage. Toxicol Lett 2002;129:255–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams RJ, Spencer JPE, Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: antioxidants or signaling molecules? Free Radic Biol Med 2004;36:838–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Q, Wu LJ, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Elevated levels of DNA repair enzymes and antioxidative enzymes by (1)-catechin in murine microglia cells after oxidative stress. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2006;8:61–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullmann K, Wiencierz AM, Muller C, Thierbachi R, Steege A, Toyokuni S, et al. A high-throughput reporter gene assay to prove the ability of natural compounds to modulate glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase gene promoters in V79 cells. Free Radic Res 2008;42:746–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CC, Hsu MC, Hsieh CW, Lin JB, Lai PH, Wung BS. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by epigallocatechin-3-gallate via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways. Life Sci 2006;78:2889–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na HK, Kim EH, Jung JH, Lee HH, Hyun JW, Surh YJ. (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression via activation of PI3 K and ERK in human mammary epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008;476:171–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Guo DH, Liu P, Cao JJ, Wang YP, Yin J, et al. Bioactive components from the tea polyphenols influence on endogenous antioxidant defense system and modulate inflammatory cytokines after total-body irradiation in mice. Phytomedicine 2011;18:970–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Cao JJ, Liu P, Guo DH, Wang YP, Yin J, et al. Protective role of tea polyphenols in combination against radiation-induced haematopoietic and biochemical alterations in mice. Phytother Res 2011;25:1761–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar N, Kant R, Maurya PK. Concentration-dependent effect of (−) epicatechin in hypertensive patients. Phytother Res 2010;24:1433–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwel B. Free radicals and antioxidants–quo vadis? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011;32:125–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar