Free radicals and endothelial dysfunction: Potential positive effects of TNF-α inhibitors

References

• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Cagnati P, Gulli R, Spanò F, Puppo F. Endothelial dysfunction in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Atherosclerosis 2012;224(2):309–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez MA, Selwyn AP. Endothelial function, inflammation, and prognosis in cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2003;115 (Suppl 8A):99S–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napoli C, Ignarro LJ. Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis. Nitric Oxide 2001;5(2):88–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature 2011;473(7347):317–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabas I, Williams KJ, Borén J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation 2007;116(16):1832–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson GK, Hermansson A. The immune system in atherosclerosis. Nat Immunol 2011;12(3):204–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg AM, Hansson GK. Innate immune signals in atherosclerosis. Clin Immunol 2010;134:5–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabas I. Macrophage death and defective inflammation resolution in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2010;10:36–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber C, Noels H. Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Nat Med 2011;17(11):1410–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonasson L, Holm J, Skalli O. Expression of class II transplantation antigen on vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 1985;76(1):125–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson J, Wigren M, Shah PK. Regulatory T cells and the control of modified lipoprotein autoimmunity-driven atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2009;19(8):272–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Beta-2-glycoprotein-I, infections, antiphospholipid syndrome and therapeutic considerations. Clin Immunol 2004;112(2):190–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall JC, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A. Altered structure of autoantigens during apoptosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2004;30(3):455–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermansson A, Ketelhuth DF, Strodthoff D, Wurm M, Hansson EM, Nicoletti A, et al. Inhibition of T cell response to native low-density lipoprotein reduces atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2010;207(5):1081–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niessner A, Weyand CM. Dendritic cells in atherosclerotic disease. Clin Immunol 2010;134:25–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stemme S, Faber B, Holm J, Wiklund O, Witztum JL, Hansson GK. T lymphocytes from human atherosclerotic plaques recognize oxidized low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92(9):3893–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Xu X, Belmadani S, Park Y, Tang Z, Feldman AM, et al. TNF-alpha contributes to endothelial dysfunction by upregulating arginase in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(6):1269–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puddu P, Puddu GM, Cravero E, De Pascalis S, Muscari A. The emerging role of cardiovascular risk factor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in atherogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2009;16:112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buttari B, Profumo E, Mattei V, Siracusano A, Ortona E, Margutti P, et al. Oxidized b-glycoprotein I induces human dendritic cell maturation and promotes a T helper type 1 response. Blood 2005;106(12):3880–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvieux J, Regnault V, Hachulla E, Darnige L, Berthou F, Youinou P. Oxidation of b2-glycoprotein I (b2-GPI) by the hydroxil radical alters phospholipid binding and modulates recognition by b2-GPI autoantibodies. Thromb Haemost 2001;86(4):1070–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson J, Hansson GK. Autoimmunity in atherosclerosis: a protective response losing control? J Intern Med 2008;263(5):464–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frostegard J, Wu R, Giscombe R, Holm G, Lefvert AK, Nilsson J. Induction of T-cell activation by oxidized low density lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12(4):461–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson J, Kovanen PT. Will autoantibodies help to determine severity and progression of atherosclerosis? Curr Opin Lipidol 2004;15(5):499–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wick G, Knoflach M, Xu Q. Autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Immunol 2004;22:361–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HK, Park EC, Bae SW, Park MY, Kim SW, Yoo HS, et al. Expression of heat shock protein 27 in human atherosclerotic plaques and increased plasma level of heat shock protein 27 in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation 2006;114(9):886–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Profumo E, Buttari B, Alessandri C, Conti F, Capoano R, Valesini G, et al. Beta2-glycoprotein I is a target of t cell reactivity in patients with advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010;23(1):73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttari B, Profumo E, Petrone L, Pietraforte D, Siracusano A, Margutti P, et al. Free hemoglobin: a dangerous signal for the immune system in patients with carotid atherosclerosis? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1107:42–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Cagnati P, Gulli R, Spanò F, Puppo F. Update upon efficacy and safety of TNF-α inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012;11(1):1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Puppo F. Emerging biological drugs: a new therapeutic approach for systemic lupus erythematosus. An update upon efficacy and adverse events. Autoimmun Rev 2011;11(1):56–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Puppo F. Adalimumab for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases: an update on old and recent indications. Drugs Today (Barc) 2011;47(4):277–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Puppo F. Anti-TNF-alpha inhibitors: a new therapeutic approach for inflammatory immune-mediated diseases: an update upon efficacy and adverse events. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009;22(3):557–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Barabino G, Caiti M, Cagnati P, Puppo F. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment with infliximab for disseminated granuloma annulare. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010;11(6):437–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Colombo BM, Contini P, Puppo F. Determination of lymphotoxin-alpha levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis undergoing etanercept treatment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012;32(6):277–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Spanò F, Puppo F. Selective TNF-α inhibitor-induced injection site reactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013;12(2):187–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdaca G, Spanò F, Miglino M, Puppo F. Effects of TNF-α inhibitors upon the mechanisms of action of VEGF. Immunotherapy 2013;5(2):113–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virdis A, Santini F, Colucci R, Duranti E, Salvetti G, Rugani I, et al. Vascular generation of tumor necrosis factor-α reduces nitric oxide availability in small arteries from visceral fat of obese patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58(3):238–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenstein AS, Khavandi K, Withers SB, Sonoyama K, Clancy O, Jeziorska M, et al. Local inflammation and hypoxia abolish the protective anticontractile properties of perivascular fat in obese patients. Circulation 2009;119:1661–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aljada A, Ghanim H, Assian E, Dandona P. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits insulin-induced increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduces insulin receptor content and phosphorylation in human aortic endothelial cells. Metabolism 2002;51:487–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamada M, Irahara M, Maegawa M, Ohmoto Y, Takeji T, Yasui T, et al. Postmenopausal changes in serum cytokine levels and hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:309–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sites CK, Toth MJ, Cushman M, L'Hommedieu GD, Tchernof A, Tracy RP, et al. Menopause-related differences in inflammation markers and their relationship to body fat distribution and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Fertil Steril 2002;77(1):128–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor PC. Antibody therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2003;3:323–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang J, Girgis L. Clinical use of anti-TNF-alpha biological agents – a guide for GPs. Aust Fam Physician 2007;36:1035–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puppo F, Murdaca G, Ghio M, Indiveri F. Emerging biologic drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2005;4(8):537–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochberg MC, Lebwohl MG, Plevy SE, Hobbs KF, Yocum DE. The benefit/risk profile of TNF-blocking agents: findings of a consensus panel. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2005;34:819–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth AD, Jayne DR, Kharbanda RK, McEniery CM, Mackenzie IS, Brown J, et al. Infliximab improves endothelial dysfunction in systemic vasculitis: a model of vascular inflammation. Circulation 2004;109(14):1718–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow DA, Rifai N, Antman EM, Weiner DL, McCabe CH, Cannon CP, et al. C-reactive protein is a potent predictor of mortality independently of and in combination with troponin T in acute coronary syndromes: a TIMI 11A substudy. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31(7):1460–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997;336:973–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer M, Sacks F, Lepage S, Braunwald E. Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000;101:2149–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biasucci LM, Vitelli A, Liuzzo G, Altamura S, Caligiuri G, Monaco C, et al. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 in unstable angina. Circulation 1996;94:874–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo BM, Cacciapaglia F, Puntoni M, Murdaca G, Rossi E, Rodriguez G, et al. Traditional and non traditional risk factors in accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGATS Study). Autoimmun Rev 2009;8(4):309–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, Grodzicky T, Li Y, Panaritis C, du Berger R, et al. Traditional risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2331–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arenas IA, Armstrong SJ, Xu Y, Davidge ST. Chronic tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition enhances NO modulation of vascular function in estrogen-deficient rats. Hypertension 2005;46(1):76–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulai R, Perry M, Twycross-Lewis R, Morrissey D, Atzeni F, Greenwald S. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists on arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis: a literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2012;42(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szekanecz Z, Kerekes G, Soltész P. Vascular effects of biologic agents in RA and spondyloarthropathies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009;5(12):677–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Murdaca G, Colombo BM, De Amici M, Marseglia GL. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in allergic rhinitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2008;69(8):510–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Colombo BM, Murdaca G, De Amici M. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 2008;63(7):945–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar