The seroprevalence of human infection with Rickettsia slovaca, in an area of northern Spain

REFERENCES

• Babalis, T., Dupont, H. T., Tselentis, Y., Chatzichristodoulou, C. & Raoult, D. (1993). Rickettsia conorii in Greece: comparison of a micro-immunofluorescence assay and western blotting for seroepidemiology. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 48, 784–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacellar, F., Regnery, R L., Nuncio, M. S. & Filipe, A. R. (1995). Genotypic evaluation of rickettsial isolates recovered from various species of ticks in Portugal. Epidemiology and Infection, 114, 169-178.
   Google Scholar
• Balayeva, N. M., Eremeeva, M. E. & Raoult, D. (1994). Genomic identification of Rickettsia slovaca among spotted fever group Rickettsia isolates from Dermacentor marginatus in Armenia. Acta Virologica, 38, 321–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bázliková, M., Kaaserer, B., Brezina, R., Kovácova, E. & Kaaserer, G. (1977). Isolierungen von rickettsien der spotted-fever-gruppe aus Dermacentor marginatus zecken aus Tirol, Osterreich. Immunitat und Infektion, 4, 167.
   Google Scholar
• Beati, L., Finidori, J. P. & Raoult, D. (1993). First isolation of Rickettsia slovaca from Dermacentor marginatus in France. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 48, 257–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beati, L., Humair, P. F., Aeschlimann, A. & Raoult, D. (1994). Identification of spotted fever group rick-ettsiae isolated from Dermacentor marginatus and Ixocles ricinus ticks collected in Switzerland. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 51, 138-148.
   Google Scholar
• Brezina, R., Rehacek, J., Ac, P. & Majerska, M. (1969). Two strains of rickettsiae of Rocky Mountain spotted fever group recovered from Dermacentor marginatus ticks in Czechoslovakia. Results of preliminary serological identification. Acta Virologica, 13, 142–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazorla, C., Enea, M., Lucht, F. & Raoult, D. (2003). First isolation of Rickettsia slovaca from a patient, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 9, 135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Soto, P., Encinas-Grandes, A. & Perez-Sanchez, R. (2003). Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Spain: molecular evidence in Hyalomma marginatum and five other tick species that feed on humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 9, 889–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García, A. & NAjera, E. (1984). Estudio epidemiológico de las rickettsiosis en la provincia de Sevilla, basado en las reacciones serológicas de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Revista de Sanidad e Hi giene Pzblica, 58, 83–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilot, B. & Marjolet, M. (1982). Contribution a l'etude du parasitisme humain par les tiques (Ixodidae et Argasidae), plus particulierement dans le sud—est de la France. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 12, 340–351.
   Google Scholar
• Guttman, D. S., Wang, P. W., Wang, I. N., Bosler, E. M., Luft, B. J. & Dykhuizen, D. E. (1996). Multiple infections of Ixodes scapularis ticks by Borrelia burgdotferi as revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 34, 652-656.
   Google Scholar
• Hoogstraal, H. & Aeschlimann, A. (1982). Tick—host specificity. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Suisse, 55, 5–32.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, P. J., Mason, P. R., Matthewman, L. A. & Raoult, D. (1991). Seroepidemiology of spotted fever group rickettsial infections in humans in Zimbabwe. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 304–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Scola, B. & Raoult, D. (1997). Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35, 2715–2727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227,680–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakos, A. (2002). Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA). Wiener Kinische Wochenschnft, 114, 648–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, N., Beninati, T., Sacchi, L., Genchi, C. & Bandi, C. (2004). Rickettsioses d'emersione. Parassitologia, 46, 123–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Márquez, F. J., Ibarra, V., Oteo, J. A. & Muniain, M. A. (2003). Which spotted fever group rickettsia are present in Dermacentor marginatus ticks in Spain? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 990, 141-142.
   Google Scholar
• Mittermayer, T., Brezina, R. & Urvolgyi, J. (1980). First report of an infection with Rickettsia slovaca. Folia Parasitologica, 27,373–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebreda, T., Merino, F. J., Serrano, J. L., Fernández-Soto, P., Encinas, A. & Perez-Sánchez, R. (2004). Detection of antibodies to tick salivary antigens among patients from a region of Spain. European Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 79–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oteo, J. A., Ibarra, V., Blanco, J. R., Martinez de Artola, V., Marquez, F. J., Portillo, A., Raoult, D. & Anda, P. (2004). Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy: clinical and epide-miological features of a new tick-borne disease. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 10, 327-331.
   Google Scholar
• Phillip, R. N., Casper, E. A., Ormsbee, R. A., Peacock, M. G. & Burgdorfer, W. (1976). Microimmuno-fluorescence test for the serological study of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 3, 51–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons, R., Serra, E., Cerdá, J. & Puig, E. X. (1989). Fiebre botonosa mediterránea: estudio retrospectivo de 44 casos en la comarca del Bages (Barcelona). Enfermedacles Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 7, 370–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Punda-Polic, V., Petrovec, M., Trilar, T., Dub, D., Bradaric, N., Klismanic, Z. & Avsic-Zupanc, T. (2002). Detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected in southern Croatia. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 28, 169–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punda-Polic, V., Klismanic, Z. & Capkun, V. (2003). Prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in the region of Split (southern Croatia). European Journal of Epidemiology, 18, 451–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raoult, D., Toga, B., Chaudet, H. & Chiche-Portiche, C. (1987). Rickettsial antibodies to Rickettsia conorii and Coxiella burnetii among urban, sub-urban and semi-rural blood donors. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81, 80–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raoult, D., Berbis, P., Roux, V., Xu, W. & Mauiin, M. (1997). A new tick-transmitted disease due to Rickettsia slovaca. Lancet, 350, 112-113.
   Google Scholar
• Raoult, D., Lakos, A., Fenollar, F., Beytout, J., Brouqui, P. & Fournier, P. E. (2002). Spotless rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia slovaca and asso-ciated with Dermacentor ticks. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34, 1331-1336.
   Google Scholar
• Regnery, R. L., Spruill, C. L. & Plykaitis, B. D. (1991). Genotypic identification of rickettsiae and estimation of intraspecies sequence divergence for portions of two rickettsial genes. Journal of Bacteriology, 173, 1576-1589
   Google Scholar
• Rehacek, J., Liebisch, A., Urvolgyi, J. & Kovacova, E. (1977). Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group isolated from Dermacentor marginatus ticks in south Germany. Zentralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, 239, 275–281.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rehacek, J., Nosek, J., Urvolgyi, J. & Sztankay, M. (1979). Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in Hungary. Folia Parasitologica, 26, 367–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehacek, J., Vosta, J., Brezina, R & Hanak, P. (1985). Rickettsiae in the Sumava region. Folia Parasitologica, 32, 173-183.
   Google Scholar
• Roux, V., Fournier, P. E. & Raoult, D. (1996). Differentiation of spotted fever group rickettsiae by sequencing and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified DNA of the gene encoding the protein rOmpA. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 34, 2058–2065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Beltrán, R., Herrero, J. I., Martin, A. M. & Martin, J. A. (1990). Prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii, Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia typhi in Salamanca province (Spain). Serosurvey in the human population. European Journal of Epidemiology, 6, 293-299.
   Google Scholar
• Sekeyová, Z., Roux, V., Xu, W., Rehacek, J. & Raoult, D. (1998). Rickettsia slovaca sp. nov., a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 48, 1455–1462.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teysseire, N. & Raoult, D. (1992). Comparison of western immunoblotting and microimmunofluores-cence for diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 455–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, W. & Raoult, D. (1998). Taxonomic relationships among spotted fever group rickettsiae as revealed by antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36, 887–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar