The effects of induced diabetes and cutaneous Leishmania infection on the pharmacokinetics of antimony in hamsters

References

• Alexander, J. & Russell, D. G. (1992). The interaction of Leishmania species with macrophages. Advances in Parasitology, 31, 175–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Jaser, M., El-Yazigi, A. & Croft, S. (1995). Pharmacokinetics of antimony in patients treated with sodium stibogluconate for cutaneous leishma-niasis. Pharmaceutical Research, 12, 113–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Nozha, M. M., Al-Maatouq, M. A., Al-Mazrou, Y. Y., Al-Harthi, S. S., Arafah, M. R., Khalil, M. Z., Khan, N. B., Al-Khadra, A., Al-Marzouki, K., Nouh, M. S., Abdullah, M., Attas, O., Al-Shahid, M. S. & Al-Mobeireek, A. (2004). Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 25, 1603–1610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrajab, A. & Ahren, B. (1993). Long-term diabeto-genic effect of streptozotocin in rats. Pancreas, 8, 50-57.
   Google Scholar
• Bach, J. F. (1995). Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as a beta-cell targeted disease of immunoregulation. Journal of Autoimmunity, 8, 439–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, R. H. & Hye, R. J. (1983). Animal models of diabetes mellitus: physiology and pathology. Journal of Surgical Research, 35, 433-460.
   Google Scholar
• Berman, J. D., Gallalee, J. F. & Gallalee, J. V. (1988). Pharmacokinetics of pentavalent antimony (Pentostam) in hamsters. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 39, 41–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colmenares, M., Kar, S., Goldsmith-Pestana, K. & McMahon-Pratt, D. (2002). Mechanisms of patho-genesis: differences amongst Leishmania species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96 (Suppl. 1), S3—S7.
   Google Scholar
• Dedet, J. P., Lambert, M. & Pratlong, F. (1993). Leishmaniose et infection par le virus de l'immuno-deficience humaine. La Presse Médicale, 24, 1036–1040.
   Google Scholar
• DeFronzo, R. A. (1988). The triumvirate: beta-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM. Diabetes, 37, 667–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, D., Godfrey, D., Lanham, S., Modabber, F. & Schnur, L. (1989). Handbook on Isolation, Characterization and Cgopreservation of Leishmania. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Fajans, S. S. & Conn, J. W. (1965). Prediabetes, subclinical diabetes, and latent clinical diabetes: interpretation, diagnosis and treatment. In On the Nature and Treatment of Diabetes, eds Leibel, D. S. & Wrenshall, G. S. pp. 641-656. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
   Google Scholar
• Gibaldi, M. & Perrier, D. (1982). Pharmacokinetics, 2nd Edn. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
   Google Scholar
• Handman, E. & Bullen, D. V. (2002). Interaction of Leishmania with the host macrophage. Trends in Parasitology, 18, 332–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, M., Kondo, Y. Nakatani, A. Hayashi, K. & Naruse, A. (2001). Characterization of low dose streptozotocin-induced progressive diabetes in mice. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 9, 1-8.
   Google Scholar
• Junod, A., Lambert, A. E., Stauffacher, W. & Renold, A. E. (1969). Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: relationship of dose to metabolic response. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 48, 2129–2139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikkawa, R., Koya, D. & Haneda, M. (2003). Progression of diabetic nephropathy. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 43, S19–S21.
   Google Scholar
• Langdon, C. D. & Shriver, R. L. (2004). Clinical issues in the care of critically ill diabetic patients. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 27,162–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marks, J. B. & Raskin, I. (2000). Cardiovascular risk in diabetes. A brief review. Journal of Diabetes Complications, 14, 108–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden, P. D. (1985). Pentavalent antimonials: old drugs for new diseases. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 18, 187–198.
   Google Scholar
• Mihm, M. J., Seifert, J. L., Coyle, C. M. & Bauer J. A. (2001). Diabetes related cardiomyopathy. Time dependent echocardiographic evaluation in an experimental rat model. Life Sciences, 69, 527–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montalban, C., Calleja, J. L., Erice, A., Laguna, F., Clotet, B., Podzamczer, D., Cobo, J., Mallolas, J., Yebra, M. & Gallego, M. (1990). Visceral leishma-niasis in patients infected with human immunodefi-ciency virus. Co-operative Group for Study of Leishmaniasis in AIDS. Journal of Infection, 21, 261–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirart, J. (1978). Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care, 1, 168–188.
   Google Scholar
• Radwan, M. A., Al Jaser, M. H., Zaghloul, I. Y. & Nakeeb, S. M. (2002). Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and pentavalent antimony after single and steady state administrations in Leishmania infected hamsters. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 10, 113-118.
   Google Scholar
• Sampaio, R. N., de-Paula, C. D., Sampaio, J. H., de S. Furtado, R., Leal, P. P., Rosa, T. T., Rodrigues, M. E. & Veiga, J. P. (1997). The evaluation of the tolerance and nephrotoxicity of pentavalent antimony administered in a dose of 40 mg Sbv/kg/day, 12/12 hr, for 30 days in the mucocutaneous form of leishmaniasis. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 30, 457-463.
   Google Scholar
• Striffler, J. S. & Nadler, J. L. (2004). Lisofylline, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, enhances glucose-stimu-lated insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro: studies in prediabetic and normal rats. Metabolism, 53, 290–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torffvit, O. & Agardh, C. D. (2001). The impact of metabolic and blood pressure control on incidence and progression of nephropathy. A 10-year study of 385 type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Diabetes Complications, 15, 307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuji, K., Taminato, T., Usami, M., Ishida, H., Kitano, N., Fukumoto, H., Koh, G., Kurose, T., Yamada, Y., Yano, H., Seino, Y. & Amura, H. (1988). Characteristic features of insulin secretion in the streptozotocin-induced NIDDM rat model. Metabolism, 37, 1040-1044.
   Google Scholar
• Valladares, J. E., Alberola, J., Esteban, M. & Arboix, M. (1996). Disposition of antimony after the adminis-tration of N-methylglucamine antimoniate to dogs. Veterinary Record, 138, 181–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (1985). Diabetes Mellitus. Technical Report Series No. 727. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Yki-Jarvinen, H. (1994). Pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet, 343, 91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar