23
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Immuno–parasitological assessment of bancroftian filariasis in a highly endemic area along the River Sabaki, in Malindi district, Kenya

, , &
Pages 161-172 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Abaru, D. E., McMahon, J. E., Marshall, T. F., Hamilton, P. J., Vaughan, J. P. & Wegesa, P. (1980). Tanzania filariasis project: studies on micro-filaraemia and selected clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis. Acta Tropica, 37,63–71.
  • Anon. (1993). Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42,1–38.
  • Brabin, L. (1990). Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity. Epidemiology and Infection, 105, 335–353.
  • Chanteau, S., Moulia-Pelat, J. P., Glaziou, P., Nguyen, N. L., Luquiaud, P., Plichart, C., Martin, P. M. & Cartel, J. L. (1994). 0g4C3 circulating antigen: a marker of infection and adult worm burden in Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170, 247–250.
  • Chanteau, S., Glaziou, P., Plichart, C., Luquiaud, P., Moulia-Pelat, J. P., N'Guyen, L. & Cartel, J. L. (1995). Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in French Polynesia: age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific IgG and IgG4 responses according to transmission level. International Journal for Parasitology, 25,81–85.
  • Estambale, B. B., Simonsen, P. E., Knight, R & Bwayo, J. J. (1994). Bancroftian filariasis in Kwale district of Kenya. I. Clinical and parasitological survey in an endemic community. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 88, 145-151.
  • Gatika, S. M., Fujimaki, Y., Njuguna, M. N., Gachihi, G. S. & Mbugua, J. M. (1994). The microfilarial periodic pattern of Wuchereria bancrofti in Kenya. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97, 60-64.
  • Heisch, R. B., Nelson, G. S. & Furlong, M. (1959). Studies in filariasis in East Africa. 1. Filariasis on the Island of Pate, Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 53,41–53.
  • Helmy, H., Weil, G. J., Ellethy, A. S., Ahmed, E. S., Setouhy, M. E. & Ramzy, R. M. (2006). Bancroftian filariasis: effect of repeated treatment with diethyl-carbamazine and albendazole on microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and antifilarial antibodies. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, in press.
  • Hitch, W. L., Hightower, A. W., Eberhard, M. L. & Lammie, P. J. (1991). Analysis of isotype-specific
  • Lammie, P. J., Hightower, A. W. & Eberhard, M. L. (1994). Age-specific prevalence of antigenemia in a Wuchereria bancrofti-exposed population. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 51, 348–355.
  • Lammie, P. J., Reiss, M. D., Dimock, K. A., Streit, T. G., Roberts, J. M. & Eberhard, M. L. (1998). Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 217–221.
  • Lammie, P. J., Weil, G., Noordin, R., Kaliraj, P., Steel, C., Goodman, D., Lakshmikanthan, V. B. & Ottesen, E. (2004). Recombinant antigen-based antibody assays for the diagnosis and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis - a multicenter trial. Filaria Journal, 3,9.
  • Maizels, R. M., Sutanto, I., Gomez-Priego, A., Lillywhite, J. & Denham, D. A. (1985). Specificity of surface molecules of adult Brugia parasites: cross-reactivity with antibody from Wuchereria, Onchocerca and other human filarial infections. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 36, 233-237.
  • McMahon, J. E., Marshall, T. F., Vaughan, J. P. & Abaru, D. E. (1979). Bancroftian filariasis: a comparison of microfilariae counting techniques using counting chamber, standard slide and mem-brane (nuclepore) filtration. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 73,457–464.
  • McMahon, J. E., Magayauka, S. A., Kolstrup, N., Mosha, F. W., Bushrod, F. M., Abaru, D. E. & Bryan, J. H. (1981). Studies on the transmission and prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in four coastal villages of Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 75,415–431.
  • Meyrowitsch, D. W., Simonsen, P. E. & Makunde, W. H. (1995). A 16-year follow-up study on bancroftian filariasis in three communities of north-eastern Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 89, 665–675.
  • Meyrowitsch, D. W., Simonsen, P. E. & Magesa, S. M. (2004). A 26-year follow-up study on bancroftian filariasis in three communities of north-eastern Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 98, 155–169.
  • Michael, E., Bundy, D. A. & Grenfell, B. T. (1996). Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology, 112, 409-428.
  • Molyneux, D. H. & Zagaria, N. (2002). Lymphatic filariasis elimination: progress in global programme development. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 96 (Suppl. 2), S15-S40.
  • Mukoko, D. A., Pedersen, E. M., Masese, N. N., Estambale, B. B. & Ouma, J. H. (2004). Bancroftian filariasis in 12 villages in Kwale district, Coast province, Kenya — variation in clinical and para-sitological patterns. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 98, 801–815.
  • Nelson, G. S., Heisch, R. B. & Furlong, M. (1962). Studies in filariasis in East Africa. II. Filarial infections in man, animals and mosquitoes on the Kenya coast. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56,202–217.
  • Nicolas, L., Langy, S., Plichart, C. & Deparis, X. (1999). Filarial antibody responses in Wuchereria bancrofti transmission area are related to parasitolo-gical but not clinical status. Parasite Immunology, 21, 73–80.
  • Njenga, S. M., Muita, M., Kirigi, G., Mbugua, J., Mitsui, Y., Fujimaki, Y. & Aoki, Y. (2000). Bancroftian filariasis in Kwale district, Kenya. East African Medical Journal, 77,245-249.
  • Ottesen, E. A., Duke, B. O., Karam, M. & Behbehani, K. (1997). Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 75,491-503.
  • Rocha, A., Addiss, D., Ribeiro, M. E., Noroes, J., Baliza, M., Medeiros, Z. & Dreyer, G. (1996). Evaluation of the 0g4C3 ELISA in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 1, 859–864.
  • Simonsen, P. E. & Dunyo, S. K. (1999). Com-parative evaluation of three new tools for diag-nosis of bancroftian filariasis based on detection of specific circulating antigens. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93, 278–282.
  • Wamae, C. N., Gatika, S. M., Roberts, J. M. & Lammie, P. J. (1998). Wuchereria bancrofti in Kwale district, coastal Kenya: patterns of focal distribution of infection, clinical manifestations and anti-filarial IgG responsiveness. Parasitology, 116, 173–182.
  • Wijers, D. J. (1977). Bancroftian filariasis in Kenya. I. Prevalence survey among adult males in the Coast province. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 71, 313–331.
  • Wijers, D. J. & Kiilu, G. (1977). Bancroftian filariasis in Kenya. III. Entomological investigations in Mambrui, a small coastal town, and Jaribuni, a rural area more inland (Coast province). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 71, 347–359.
  • Wijers, D. J. & Kinyanjui, H. (1977). Bancroftian filariasis in Kenya. II. Clinical and parasitological investigations in Mambrui, a small coastal town, and Jaribuni, a rural area more inland (Coast province). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 71, 333–345.
  • World Health Organization (1997). Resolution WHA50.29. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. In Fiftieth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 5-14 May 1997. Resolutions and Decisions, pp. 27-28. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (2002). Lymphatic filar-iasis: progress report on mass drug administration in 2001. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 77,125–132.
  • Zagaria, N. & Savioli, L. (2002). Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: a public-health challenge. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 96 (Suppl. 2), S3—S13.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.