Cortisol, prolactin, cytokines and the susceptibility of pregnant Sudanese women to Plasmodium falciparum malaria

References

• Adam, I., Mirghani, O. M., Saed, O. K., Ahmed, S. M., Mohamadani, A. A., Ahmed, H. M., Mackenzie, C. D., Homeida, M. M. & Elbashir, M. I. (2004). Quinine therapy in severe Plasmodium fakiparum malaria during pregnancy in Sudan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 10, 159-166.
   Google Scholar
• Adam, I., Khamis, A. H. & Elbashir, M. I. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors for malaria in pre-gnant women of eastern Sudan. Malaria Journal, 4, 8.
   Google Scholar
• Adam, I., Babiker, S., Mohmmed, A. A., Salih, M. M., Prins, M. H. & Zaki, Z. M. (2007a). ABO blood group system and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. Malaria Journal, 6, 110.
   Google Scholar
• Adam, I., Nour, B. Y., Ibrahim, E. Y., Almahi, W. A., Omer, E. M. & Ali, N. Y. (2007b). Cortisol and susceptibility to malaria in pregnant women in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 98, 260-261.
   Google Scholar
• Bayoumi, N., Hussein, K., Mohmmed, A. A., Mohmedain, A., Elbashier, M. I., Mavoungou, E. & Adam, I. (2008). Cytokine profiles in peripheral, placental and cord blood in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Bouyou-Akotet, M. K., Issifou, S., Meye, J. F., Kombila, M., Ngou-Milama, E., Luty, A. J., Kremsner, P. G. & Mavoungou, E. (2004). Depressed natural killer cell cytotoxicity against Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes during first pregnancies. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38, 342–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouyou-Akotet, M. K., Adegnika, A. A., Agnandji, S. T., Ngou-Milama, E., Kombila, M., Kremsner, P. G. & Mavoungou, E. (2005). Cortisol and susceptibility to malaria during pregnancy. Microbes and Infection, 7, 1217–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, D. A., Chaouat, G., Arck, P. C., Mittruecker, H. W. & Levy, G. A. (1998). Cytokine-dependent abortion in CBA x DBA/2 mice is mediated by the procoagulant fg12 prothrombinase. Journal of Immunology, 160, 545–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cot, M. & Deloron, P. (2003). Malaria during pregnancy: consequences and interventional perspec-tives. Médecine Tropicale, 63, 369–380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gatti, G., Cavallo, R, Sartori, M. L., del Ponte, D., Masera, R., Salvadori, A., Carignola, R. & Angeli, A. (1987). Inhibition by cortisol of human natural killer (NK) cell activity. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 26, 49-58.
   Google Scholar
• Jaatella, M., Ilvesmaki, V., Voutilainen, R., Stenman, U. H. & Saksela, E. (1991). Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin-induced cortisol production and steroidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression in cultured human fetal adrenal cells. Endocrinology, 128, 623–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jara, L. J., Lavalle, C., Fraga, A., Gomez-Sanchez, C., Silveira, L. H., Martinez-Osuna, P., Germain, B. F. & Espinoza, L. R. (1991). Prolactin, immunoregula-tion, and autoimmune diseases. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 20, 273-284.
   Google Scholar
• Kern, P., Hemmer, C. J., van Damme, J., Gruss, H. J. & Dietrich, M. (1989). Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 serum levels as markers for complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. American Journal of Medicine, 87, 139–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, T., Moon, H. & Kim, S. J. (2003). Interleukin-10 is up-regulated by prolactin and serum-starvation in cultured mammary epithelial cells. Molecular and Cells, 16, 168-172.
   Google Scholar
• Malik, E. M., Atta, H. Y., Weis, M., Lang, A., Puta, C. & Lettenmaier, C. (2004). Sudan Roll Back Malaria Consultative Mission: Essential Actions to Support the Attainment of the Abuja Targets. Sudan RBM Country Consultative Mission Final Report. 2004. Geneva: Roll Back Malaria Partnership.
   Google Scholar
• Matalka, K. Z. (2003). Prolactin enhances production of interferon-7, interleukin-12, and inter-leukin-10, but not of tumor necrosis factor-cc, in a stimulus-specific manner. Cytokine, 21, 187–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthiesen, L., Khademi, M., Ekerfelt, C., Berg, G., Sharma, S. & Olsson, T. (2003). In-situ detection of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells during pregnancy. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 58, 49–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. B., Nahlen, A., Misore, A., Lal, A. A. & Udhayakumar, V. (1999). Immunity to placental malaria. I. Elevated production of interferon-gamma by placental blood mononuclear cells is associated with protection in an area with high transmission of malaria. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179, 1218-1225.
   Google Scholar
• Moorman, A. M., Sullivan, A. D., Rochford, R. A., Chensue, S. W., Bock, P. J., Nyirenda, T. & Meshnick, S. R. (1999). Malaria and pregnancy: placental cytokine expression and its relationship to intrauterine growth retardation. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180, 1987–1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neil-Dunne, L., Achur, R. N., Agbor-Enoh, S. T., Valiyaveetitil, M., Naik, R. S. & Ockenhouse, C. F. (2001). Gravidity-dependent production of antibo-dies that inhibit binding of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to placental chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans during pregnancy. Infection and Immunity, 69, 7487–7492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlstein, R. S., Whitnall, M. H., Abrams, J. S., Mougey, E. H. & Neta, R. (1993). Synergistic roles of interleukin-6, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor in the adrenocorticotropin response to bacter-ial lipopolysaccharide in vivo. Endocrinology, 132, 946–952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghupathy, R (1997). Thl -type immunity is incom-patible with successful pregnancy. Immunology Today, 18, 478–482.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogerson, S. J., Brown, H. C., Pollina, E., Abrams, E. T., Tadesse, E., Lema, V. M. & Molyneux, M. E. (2003). Placental tumor necrosis factor alpha but not gamma interferon is associated with placental malaria and low birth weight in Malawian women. Infection and Immunity, 71, 267-270.
   Google Scholar
• Späth-Schwalbe, E., Born, J., Schrezenmeier, H., Bornstein, S. R., Stromeyer, P., Drechsler, S., Fehm, H. L. & Porzsolt, F. (1994). Interleukin-6 stimulates the hypothalamus—pituitary—adrenocortical axis in man. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 79, 1212-1214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steketee, R. W., Nahlen, B. L., Parise, M. F. & Menendez, C. (2001). The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas. American journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64 (Suppl.), 28-35.
   Google Scholar
• Szekeres-Bartho, J. & Wegmann, T. G. (1996). A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory/protein alters the Th 1 /Th2 balance. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 31, 81–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vleugels, M. P., Eling, W. M., Rolland, R. & de Graaf, R. (1986). Cortisol levels in human pregnancy in relation to parity and age. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 155, 118–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vleugels, M. P., Eling, W. M., Rolland, R. & de Graaf, R. (1987). Cortisol and loss of malaria immunity in human pregnancy. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 94, 758–764.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vleugels, M. P., Brabin, B., Eling, W. M. & de Graaf, R. (1989). Cortisol and Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83, 173–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegmann, T. G., Lin, H., Guilbert, L. & Mosmann, T. R. (1993). Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal—fetal relationship: is successful preg-nancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunology Today, 14, 353-356.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M., Davis, T. M., Binh, T. Q., Long, T. T., Danh, P. T. & Robertson, K. (2001). Pituitary—adrenal function in uncomplicated falci-parum malaria. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 32, 689-695.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar