39
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Haematological and clinical-chemistry markers in patients presenting with leptospirosis: a comparison of the findings from uncomplicated cases with those seen in the severe disease

, , , , &
Pages 333-341 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Abdulkader, R. C. R. M., Seguro, A. C., Malheiro, P. S., Burdmann, E. A. & Marcondes, M. (1996). Peculiar electrolytic and hormonal abnormalities in acute renal failure due to leptospirosis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54,1–6.
  • Anon. (1984). International committee on systematic bacteriology subcommittee on the taxonomy of Leptospira. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 34, 258–259.
  • Bharti, A. R., Nally, J. E., Ricaldi, J. N., Matthias, M. A., Diaz, M. M., Lovett, M. A., Leven, P. N., Gilman, R. H., Willig, M. R., Gotuzzo, E. & Vinetz, J. M. (2003). Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3, 757–771.
  • Brinkmann, V., Reichard, U., Goosmann, C., Fauler, B., Uhlemann, Y., Weiss, D. S., Weinrauch, Y. & Zychlinsky, A. (2004). Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science, 303, 1532–1535.
  • Burth, P., Younes-Ibrahim, M., Santos, M. C., Castro-Faria Neto, H. C. & de Castro Faria, M. V. (2005). Role of nonesterified unsaturated fatty acids in the pathophysiological processes of leptospiral infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191, 51–57.
  • Carvalho, C. R. R. & Bethlem, E. P. (2002). Pulmonary complication of leptospirosis. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 23, 469–478.
  • Chierakul, W., Tientadakul, P., Suputtamongkol, Y., Wuthiekanun, V., Phimda, K., Limpaiboon, R., Opartkiattikul, N., White, N. J., Peacock, S. J. & Day, N. P. (2008). Activation of the coagulation cascade in patients with leptospirosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46, 254–260.
  • Clark, S. R., Ma, A. C., Tavener, S. A., McDonald, B., Goodarzi, Z., Kelly, M. M., Patel, K. D., Chakrabarti, S., McAvoy, E., Sinclair, G. D., Keys, E. M., Allen-Vercoe, E., Devinney, R., Doig, C. J., Green, F. H. & Kubes, P. (2007). Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood. Nature Medicine, 13, 463–469.
  • Covic, A., Goldsmith, D. J., Gusbeth-Tatomir, P., Seica, A. & Covic, M. (2003). A retrospective 5-year study in Moldova of acute renal failure due to leptospirosis: 58 cases and a review of the literature. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 18, 1128–1134.
  • Craig, S. B., Graham, G. G., Burns, M.-A., Dohnt, M. F., Smythe, L. D. & McKay, D. B. (2009). Lymphopenia in leptospirosis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 103, 279-282.
  • Dolhnikoff, M., Mauad, T., Bethlem, E. P. & Carvalho, C. R. R. (2007). Leptospiral pneumonias. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 13, 230–235.
  • Esen, S., Sunbul, M., Leblebicioglu, H., Eroglu, C. & Turan, D. (2004). Impact of clinical and laboratory findings on prognosis in leptospirosis. Swiss Medical Weekly, 134, 347–352.
  • Faine, S. (1982). Guidelines for the Control of Leptospirosis, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Faine, S., Adler, B., Bolin, C. & Perolat, P. (1999). Leptospira and Leptospirosis, 2nd Edn. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci.
  • Harrison, N. A. & Fitzgerald, W. R. (1988). Leptospirosis - can it be a sexually transmitted disease? Postgraduate Medical Journal, 64, 163–164.
  • Jauréguiberry, S., Roussel, M., Brinchault-Rabin, G., Gacouin, A., Le Meur, A., Arvieux, C., Michelet, C. & Tattevin, P. (2005). Clinical presentation of leptospirosis: a retrospective study of 34 patients admitted to a single institution in metropolitan France. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11, 391–394.
  • Kobayashi, Y. (2001). Clinical observation and treat-ment of leptospirosis. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 7, 59–68.
  • Lee, C.-H. & Liu, J.-W. (2007). Coinfection with leptospirosis and scrub typhus in Taiwanese patients. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77, 525–527.
  • Levett, P. N. (2001). Leptospirosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14, 296–326.
  • Lomar, A. V., Diament, D. & Torres, J. R. (2000). Leptospirosis in Latin America. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 14, 23–39.
  • Lombardi, R. (1997). Acute renal failure in leptospiro-sis in Uruguay. Renal Failure, 19, 315–318.
  • Lopes, A. A., Costa, E. & Sacramento, E. (2005). Lymphopenia in hospitalized cases of leptospirosis. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11, 857–858.
  • Ma, A. C. & Kubes, P. (2008). Platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 6, 415–420.
  • Marotto, P. C. F., Nascimento, C. M. R., Eluf-Neto, J., Marotto, M. S., Andrade, L., Sztajnbok, J. & Seguro, A. C. (1999). Acute lung injury in leptos-pirosis: clinical and laboratory features, outcome, and factors associated with mortality. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 29, 1561–1563.
  • McBride, A. J., Athanazio, D. A., Reis, M. G. & Ko, A. I. (2005). Leptospirosis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 18, 376-386.
  • McClain, J. B., Ballou, W. R., Harrison, S. M. & Steinweg, D. L. (1984). Doxycycline therapy for leptospirosis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 100, 696–698.
  • Milner, A. R., Jackson, K. B., Woodruff, K. & Smart, I. L. (1985). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for determining specific immunoglobulin M in infections caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 22, 539–542.
  • Nathan, C. (2006). Neutrophils and immunity: chal-lenges and opportunities. Nature Reviews. Immunology, 6, 173–182.
  • Nicodemo, A. C., Duarte, M. I., Alves, V. A., Takakura, C. F., Santos. R. T. & Nicodemo, E. L. (1997). Lung lesions in human leptospirosis: micro-scopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features related to thrombocytopenia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 181–187.
  • O'Neil, K. M., Rickman, L. S. & Lazarus, A. A. (1991). Pulmonary manifestations of leptospirosis. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 13, 705-709.
  • Oravec, C. & Kmety, E. (1978). Antilymphoid activity of leptospiral exoproducts. Neoplasma, 25, 565–568.
  • Segura, E. R, Ganoza, C. A., Campos, K., Ricaldi, J. N., Torres, S., Silva, H., COspedes, M. J., Matthias, M. A., Swancutt, M. A., Lopez Lifián, R., Gotuzzo, E., Guerra, H., Gilman, R. H. & Vinetz, J. M. (2005). Clinical spectrum of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis in a region of endemi-city, with quantification of leptospiral burden. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40, 343-351.
  • Shah, I. & Katira, B. (2007). Clinical and laboratory profile of dengue, leptospirosis and malaria in children: a study from Mumbai. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92, 561.
  • Sitprija, V. (2008). Altered fluid, electrolyte and mineral status in tropical disease, with an emphasis on malaria and leptospirosis. Nature Clinical Practice. Nephrology, 4, 91–101.
  • Slack, A., Symonds, M., Dohnt, M. & Smythe, L. (2007). Evaluation of a modified TaqMan assay detecting pathogenic Leptospira spp. against culture and Leptospira-specific IgM enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay in a clinical environment. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 57, 361–366.
  • Smits, H. L., Eapen, C. K., Sugathan, S., Kuriakose, M., Gasem, M. H., Yersin, C., Sasaki, D., Pujianto, B., Vestering, M., Abdoel, T. H. & Gussenhoven, G. C. (2001). Lateral-flow assay for rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 8, 166–169.
  • Somers, C. J., Al-Kindi,. S, Montague, S., O'Connor, R., Murphy, P. G., Jeffers, M. & Enright, H. (2003). Erythroid hypoplasia associated with leptospirosis. Journal of Infection, 47, 85–86.
  • Stohlawetz, P., Folman, C. C., von dem Borne, A. E., Pernerstorfer, T., Eichler, H. G., Panzer, S. & Pima, B. (1999). Effects of endotoxemia on throm-bopoiesis in men. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 81, 613-617.
  • Sung, J., Bochicchio, G. V., Joshi, M., Bochicchio, K., Costas, A., T racy, K. & Scalea T. M. (2004). Admission serum albumin is predicitve of outcome in critically ill trauma patients. American Surgeon, 70, 1099-1102.
  • Watt, G., Padre, L. P., Tuazon, M. L., Calubaquib, C., Santiago, E., Ranoa, C. P. & Laughlin, L. W. (1988). Placebo-controlled trial of intravenous penicillin for severe late leptospirosis. Lancet, i, 433–435.
  • World Health Organization (2003). Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control. Geneva: WHO.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.