Primary eye care in sub-Saharan African: do we have the evidence needed to scale up training and service delivery?

References

• Al-Attas, A. H., Williams, C. D., Pitchforth, E. L., O'Callaghan, C. O. & Lewallen, S. (2010). Understanding delay in accessing specialist emer-gency eye care in a developing country: eye trauma in Tanzania. Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 17, 103–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle, R D. (1983). The International Eye Foundation/Kenya Rural Blindness Prevention Project. Social Science and Medicine, 17, 1789–1792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch-Capblanch, X. & Garner, P. (2008). Primary health care supervision in developing countries. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 13, 369–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronsard, A., Geneau, R, Shirima, S., Courtright, P. & Mwende, J. (2008). Why are children brought late for cataract surgery? Qualitative findings from Tanzania. Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 15, 383–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, M. J. & Mabey, D. C. (2009). The global burden of trachoma: a review. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 3, e460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chana, H. S., Schwab, L. & Foster, A. (1994). With an eye to good practice: traditional healers in rural communities. World Health Forum, 15, 144–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chankova, S., Muchiri, S. & Kombe, G. (2009). Health workforce attrition in the public sector in Kenya: a look at the reasons. Human Resources for Health, 7, 58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaudhury, N., Hammer, J., Kremer, M., Muralidharan, K. & Rogers, F. H. (2006). Missing in action: teacher and health worker absence in developing countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, 91–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Evans, T., Anand, S., Boufford, J. I., Brown, H., Chowdhury, M., Cueto, M., Dare, L., Dussault, G., Elzinga, G., Fee, E., Habte, D., Hanvoravongchai, P., Jacobs, M., Kurowski, C., Michael, S., Pablos-Mendez, A., Sewankambo, N., Solimano, G., Stilwell, B., de Waal, A. & Wibulpolprasert, S. (2004). Human resources for health: overcoming the crisis. Lancet, 364, 1984–1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtright, P., Lewallen, S. & Kanjaloti, S. (1995). Traditional healers in primary eye care. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 79, 506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtright, P., Murenzi, J., Mathenge, W., Munana, J. & Mailer, A. (2010). Reaching rural Africans with eye care services: findings from primary eye care approaches in Rubavu district, Rwanda. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 15, 692–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Wet, M. & Ackermann, L. (2000). Improving eye care in the primary health care setting. Curationis, 23, 36–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eliah, E., Shayo, A., Gendo, C., Courtright, P., Tharaney, M. & Lewallen, S. (2008). Can VISION 2020 be implemented in rural government settings? Findings from two programmes in Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 13, 1284–1287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godwin, P. (1983). Training health workers: what needs to be taught and who should teach it. Social Science and Medicine, 17, 1819–1825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogate, P., Kalua, K. & Courtright, P. (2009). Blindness in childhood in developing countries: time for a reassessment? PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000177. Hendricks, M., Beardsley, J., Bourne, L., Mzamo, B. & Golden, B. (2007). Are opportunities for vitamin A supplementation being utilised at primary health-care clinics in the Western Cape province of South Africa? Public Health Nutrition, 10, 1082–1088.
   Google Scholar
• Kiwanuka, S. N., Ekirapa, E. K., Peterson, S., Okui, O., Rahman, M. H., Peters, D. & Pariyo, G. W. (2008). Access to and utilization of health services for the poor in Uganda: a systematic review of available evidence. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102, 1067–1074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruk, M. E., Mbaruku, G., McCord, C. W., Moran, M., Rockers, P. C. & Galea, S. (2009). Bypassing primary care facilities for childbirth: a population
   Google Scholar
• based study in rural Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning, 24, 279-288.
   Google Scholar
• Laviers, H. R., Omar, F., Jecha, H., Kassim, G. & Gilbert, C. (2010). Presbyopic spectacle coverage, willingness to pay for near correction, and the impact of correcting uncorrected presbyopia in adults in Zanzibar, East Africa. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 51, 1234–1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewallen, S., Roberts, H., Hall, A. B., Onyange, R., Temba, M., Banzi, J. & Courtright, P. (2005). Increasing cataract surgery to meet VISION 2020 targets; experience from two rural programmes in East Africa. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 89, 1237–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manongi, R. N., Marchant, T. C. & Bygbjerg, C. I. (2006). Improving motivation among primary health care workers in Tanzania: a health worker perspec-tive. Human Resources for Health, 4, 6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mash, B., Powell, D., du Plessis, F., van Vuuren, U., Michalowska, M. & Levitt, N. (2007). Screening for diabetic retinopathy in primary care with a mobile fundal camera — evaluation of a South African pilot project. South African Medical Journal, 97, 1284-1288.
   Google Scholar
• Muller, A., Murenzi, J., Mathenge, W., Munana, J. & Courtright, P. (2010). Primary eye care in Rwanda: gender of service providers and other factors asso-ciated with effective service delivery. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 15, 529-533. Sheffield, V. M. (1983). Training for primary and preventive eye care Social Science and Medicine, 17, 1797–1808.
   Google Scholar
• Steinkuller, P. G. (1987). Primary eye care in rural sub-Saharan Africa. International Ophthalmology, 11, 87–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutter, E. E. (1983). Training of eye care workers and their integration in Gazankulu's comprehensive health services. Social Science and Medicine, 17, 1809–1812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavrow, P., Kim, Y. M. & Malianga, L. (2002). Measuring the quality of supervisor—provider inter-actions in health care facilities in Zimbabwe. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 14 (Suppl. 1), 57–66.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. (1984). Difficulties of eye care in Africa. A paper presented at the conference of the German Committee for the Prevention of Blindness, October 1980. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 57, 367–372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar