Quality and safety of integrated community case management of malaria using rapid diagnostic tests and pneumonia by community health workers

References

• Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al.. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010;375:1969–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinney MV, Kerber KJ, Black RE, Cohen B, Nkrumah F, Coovadia H, et al.. Sub-Saharan Africa’s mothers, newborns, and children: where and why do they die? PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. The millenium development goals report 2009. New York: United Nations; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh DR, Gilroy KE, van de Weert R, Wansi E, Qazi S. Community case management of pneumonia: at a tipping point? Bull World Health Org 2008;86:381–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmardi KA, Malik EM, Abdelgadir T, Ali SH, Elsyed AH, Mudather MA, et al.. Feasibility and acceptability of home-based management of malaria strategy adapted to Sudan’s conditions using artemisinin-based combination therapy and rapid diagnostic test. Malar J 2009;8:39.
   Google Scholar
• Yasuoka J, Poudel KC, Poudel-Tandukar K, Nguon C, Ly P, Socheat D, et al.. Assessing the quality of service of village malaria workers to strengthen community-based malaria control in Cambodia. Malar J 2010;9:109.
   Google Scholar
• Winch PJ, Gilroy KE, Wolfheim C, Starbuck ES, Young MW, Walker LD, et al.. Intervention models for the management of children with signs of pneumonia or malaria by community health workers. Health Policy Plan 2005;20:199–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Acremont V, Lengeler C, Mshinda H, Mtasiwa D, Tanner M, Genton B. Time to move from presumptive malaria treatment to laboratory-confirmed diagnosis and treatment in African children with fever. PLoS Med 2009;6:e252.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamer DH, Ndhlovu M, Zurovac D, Fox M, Yeboah-Antwi K, Chanda P, et al.. Does improving coverage of parasitological diagnostic tests change malaria treatment practices? An operational cross-sectional study in Zambia. J Am Med Assoc 2007;297:2227–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins H, Bebell L, Kambale W, Dokomajilar C, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria at sites of varying transmission intensity in Uganda. J Infect Dis 2008;197:510–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey SA, Jennings L, Chinyama M, Masaninga F, Mulholland K, Bell D. Improving community health worker use of rapid diagnostic tests in Zambia: package instructions, job aid and job aid-plus-training. Malar J 2008;7:160.
   Google Scholar
• Mayxay M, Newton PN, Yeung S, Pongvongsa T, Phompida S, Phetsouvanh R, et al.. short communication: an assessment of the use of malaria rapid tests by village health volunteers in rural Laos. Trop Med Int Health 2004;9:325–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English M, Reyburn H, Goodman CA, Snow RW. Abandoning presumptive antimalarial treatment for febrile children aged less than five years — a case of running before we can walk? PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njama-Meya D, Clark TD, Nzarubara B, Staedke S, Kamya M, Dorsey G. Treatment of malaria restricted to laboratory confirmed cases: a prospective cohort study in Ugandan children. Malar J 2007;6:7.
   Google Scholar
• Yeboah-Antwi K, Pilangana P, MacLeod WB, Semrau K, Siazeele K, Kalesha P, et al.. Community case management of fever due to malaria and pneumonia in children under five in Zambia: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health, Zambia. Community health worker’s handbook: a reference manual for community health workers. 3rd edn. Lusaka: Ministry of Health; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• USAID Quality Assurance Project. How to use a rapid diagnostic test (RDT): a guide for training at a village and clinic level. Bethesda, MD: University Research Corporation, LLC/Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Haines A, Sanders D, Lehmann U, Rowe AK, Lawn JE, Jan S, et al.. Achieving child survival goals: potential contribution of community health workers. Lancet 2007;369:2121–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisoffi Z, Sirima BS, Angheben A, Lodesani C, Gobbi F, Tinto H, et al.. Rapid malaria diagnostic tests vs. clinical management of malaria in rural Burkina Faso: safety and effect on clinical decisions. A randomized trial. Trop Med Int Health 2009;14:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Mwerinde O, Olomi R, Drakeley C, et al.. Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial. Br Med J 2007;334:403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amexo M, Tolhurst R, Barnish G, Bates I. Malaria misdiagnosis: effects on the poor and vulnerable. Lancet 2004;364:1896–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurovac D, Midia B, Ochola SA, English M, Snow RW. Microscopy and outpatient malaria case management among older children and adults in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2006;11:432–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Acremont V, Malila A, Swai N, Tillya R, Kahama-Maro J, Lengeler C, et al.. Withholding antimalarials in febrile children who have a negative result for a rapid diagnostic test. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:506–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faucher JF, Makoutode P, Abiou G, Béhéton T, Houzé P, Ouendo E, et al.. Can treatment of malaria be restricted to parasitologically confirmed malaria? A school-based study in Benin in children with and without fever. Malar J 2010;9:104.
   Google Scholar
• Msellem MI, Martensson A, Rotllant G, Bhattarai A, Stromberg J, Kahigwa E, et al.. Influence of rapid malaria diagnostic tests on treatment and health outcome in fever patients, Zanzibar — a crossover validation study. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000070.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
   Google Scholar