Properties of new gold based multicomponent alloys as innovative lead-free solder material

References

• Lee NC: ‘Lead-free soldereing – where the world is going’, Advanc. Microelectr., 1999, 26, (5) 29–35.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang JS: ‘Environment-friendly electronics: lead-free technology’; 2001, Port Erin, Electrochemical Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Živković D, Trumić B and Živković Ž: ‘Thermodynamic investigations and caraterization of some alloys in ternary Pb–Au–Bi system’, Jpn J. Thermal. Anal. Calor., 2004, 31, 227–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumić B, Živković D, Živković Ž and Manasijević D: ‘Comparative thermodynamic analysis of the Pb–Au0·7Sn0·3 section in the Pb–Au–Sn ternary system’, Thermochim. Acta, 2005, 435, 113–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom GM and Plaskett TS: ‘The In-Ga-Sb ternary phase diagram’, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1971, 118, (11), 1831–1834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joullie A, Aulombard R and Bougnot G: ‘Growth of GaxIn1-xSb liquid phase epitaxial layers from a knowledge of the ternary phase diagram’, J. Cryst. Growth, 1974, 24/25, 276–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katayama I, Nakayama J.-I, Ikura T, Tanaka T, Kozuka Z and Iida T: ‘Measurement of activity of gallium in Ga–Sb–In alloys by emf method using zirconia as solid electrolyte’, J. Non. Cryst. Solids., 1993, 156–158, 393–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L, Živković D, Kostov A, Mitovski A and Balanović Lj: ‘Comparative thermodynamic study of Ga–In–Sb system’, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2011, 103, 1105–1109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Živković D, Gomidželović L, Manasijević D, Talijan N and Ćosović V: ‘Calorimetric study and phase diagram investigation of the Au–Ga system’, Int. J. Mater. Res., 2012, 103, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L., Živković D., Talijan N., Ćosović V. and Balanović Lj., ‘Characterization of Au–Ga Alloys with low gold content’, Mater. Test., 2012, 54, (5), 347–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Guo C, Li C and Du Z: ‘Thermodynamic assessment of the Au–Ga system’, J. Alloys Compd, 2010, 508, (1), 62–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Liu YJ, Liu LB, Zhou HY and Jin ZP: ‘Thermodynamic assessment of the Au–Ga binary system’, Calphad, 2011, 35, 242–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L, Živković D, Talijan N, Manasijević D, Ćosović V and Grujić A: ‘Phase equilibria investigation and characterization of the Au–In–Sb system’, J. Optoelectron. Adv. M., 2008, 10, (2), 455–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L and Živković D: ‘Thermodynamic analysis of AuIn-Sb system using Oelsen calorimetry and predicting methods’, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2009, 98, (3), 743–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassam S, Boa D and Rogez J: ‘Calorimetric investigations of Au–In, In–Sb and Au–In–Sb systems at 973 K’, J. Alloys Compd, 2012, 520, 65–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L, Stanković Z, Stević Z and Živković D: ‘Electrochemical characterization of the Au–In–Sb system’, Hem. Ind., 2009, 63, (4), 289–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L, Živković D and Živković Ž: ‘Calculation of mixing enthalpies for ternary Au–In–Sb alloys’, JCTM, 2007, 42, (2), 207–210.
   Google Scholar
• Gomidželović L, Živković D, Mihajlović I and Trujić V: ‘Predicting of thermodynamic properties of ternary Au–In–Sb system’, Arch. Metall. Mater., 2006, 51, (3), 355–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu HS, Liu CL, Wang C, Jin ZP and Ishida K: ‘Thermodynamic modeling of the Au-In-Sb ternary system’, J. Electron. Mater., 2003, 32, (2), 81–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai CT and Williams RS: ‘Solid phase equilibria in the Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries’, J. Mater. Res., 1986, 1, 352–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Živković D, Manasijević D and Živković Ž: ‘Analytical approach to thermodynamic investigation of Au–Sn–Zn alloys’, Metalurgija, 2003, 9, (4), 235–244.
   Google Scholar
• Manasijević D, Minić D, Živković D and Živković Ž: ‘Experimental study and thermodynamic calculation of Au–Bi–Sb system phase equilibria’, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2008, 69, 847–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manasijević D, Zivković D, Talijan N, Ćosović V, Gomidželović L, Todorović R and Minić D: ‘Thermal analysis and thermodynamic prediction of phase equilibria in the ternary Au–Ga–Sb system’, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2013, 74, 280–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chidambaram V, Hald J and Hattel J: ‘Development of Au–Ge based candidate alloys as an alternative to high-lead content solders’, J. Alloys Compd, 2010, 490, (1–2), 170–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chidambaram V, Hald J and Hattel J: ‘Development of gold based solder candidates for flip chip assembly’, Microelectron. Reliab., 2009, 49, (3), 323–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Leinenbach C and Roth M: ‘Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system’, J. Alloys Compd, 2009, 485, (1–2), 577–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chidambaram V, Hattel J and Hald J: ‘High-temperature lead-free solder alternatives’, Microelectron. Eng., 2011, 88, (6), 981–989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chidambaram V, Hattel J and Hald J: ‘Design of lead-free candidate alloys for high-temperature soldering based on the Au–Sn system’, Mater. Des., 2010, 31, (10), 4638–4645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Leinenbach C and Roth M: ‘Thermodynamic modeling of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system’, J. Alloys Compd, 2009, 481, (1–2), 830–836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://www.smarttec.de/download/Legierungs-Info.pdf (accessed 4 December 2013)
   Google Scholar
• Kroupa A, Dinsdale A, Watson A, Vrestal JJ, Zemanova A and Broz P: ‘The thermodynamic database COST MP0602 for materials for high-temperature lead-free soldering’, J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall. 2012, 48, (3), 339–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://www.uvm.edu/safety/art/silver-soldering (accessed 5 December 2013)
   Google Scholar
• http://periodictable.com/Elements/049/data.html (accessed 5 December 2013)
   Google Scholar