Significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from a single blood culture from neonates in intensive care

References

• Beck-Sague CM, Azimi P, Fonseca SN, et al. Bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:1110–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birthweight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1996; 129:63–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynes RP, Edwards JR, Jarvis WR, et al. Nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the United States. Pediatrics 1996; 98:357–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman J, Goldmann DA, Smith NE, et al. Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteraemia in neonatal intensive care units. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:301–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avila-Figueroa C, Goldmann DA, Richardson DK, Gray JE, Ferrari A, Freeman J. Intravenous lipid emulsions are the major determinant of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia invery low birth weight newborns. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:10–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabui T, Tudehope D, Tilse M. Clinical significance of quantitative blood cultures in newborn infants. J Paediatr Child Health 1999; 35:578–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein MP, Reller LB, Murphy JF, Lichtenstein KA. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults, I: laboratory and epidemiologic observations. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5:35–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rupp ME, Archer GL. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogens associated with medical progress. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19:231–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchhoff LV, Sheagren JN. Epidemiology and clinical significance of blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Infect Control 1985; 6:479–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baltimore RS. Is it real or is it a contaminant? A guide to the interpretation of blood culture results. Am J Dis Child 1987; 141:241–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Archer GL. Coagulase-negative staphylococci in blood cultures: the clinician’s dilemma. Infect Control 1985; 6:477–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bates DW, Lee TH. Rapid classification of positive blood cultures. Prospective validation of a multivariate algorithm. JAMA 1992; 267:1962–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herwaldt LA, Geiss M, Kao C, Pfaller MA. The positive predictive value of isolating coagulase-negative staphylococci from blood cultures. Clin InfectDis 1996; 22:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St Geme JW III, Bell LM, Baumgart S, D’Angio CT, Harris MC. Distinguishing sepsis from blood culture contamination in young infants with blood cultures growing coagulase-negative staphylococci. Pediatrics 1990; 86:157–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YC, Wang YH, Su LH, Chou YH, Lien RI, Lin TY. Determining the significance of coagulase- negative staphylococci isolated from paired blood cultures of neonates by species identification and strain clonality. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:70–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer GL, Karchmer AW, Vishniavsky N, Johnston JL. Plasmid-pattern analysis for the differentiation of infecting from noninfecting Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Infect Dis 1984; 149:913–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan TQ, Musser JM, Shulman RJ, Mason EOJ, Mahoney DHJ, Kaplan SL. Molecular epidemiology of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus blood isolates from neonates with persistent bacteremia and children with central venous catheter infections. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:1393–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Belkum A, Kluijtmans J, van Leeuwn W, Goessens W, terAverst E, Verbrugh H. Investigation into the repeated recovery of coagu- lase-negative staphylococci from blood taken at the end of cardiopulmonary by-pass. J Hosp Infect 1995; 31:285–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominguez MA, Linares J, Pulido A, Perez JL, de Lencastre H. Molecular tracking of coagulase- negative staphylococcal isolates from catheter- related infections. Microb Drug Resist 1996; 2:423–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatib P, Riederer KM, Clark JA, Khatib S, Briski LE, Wilson FM. Coagulase-negative staphylococci in multiple blood cultures: strain relatedness and determinants of same-strain bacteremia. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:816–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaidi AE, Harrell Q, Rost JR, Reller LB. Assessment of similarity among coagulase-negative staphylococci from sequential blood cultures of neonates and children by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:1010–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S, McDonald LC, Jarvis WR, et al. Determining the significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures at a community hospital: a role for species and strain identification. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:213–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin LG, Sanchez PL, Siegel J, et al. Evaluation and treatment of neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis: a survey of neonatologists’ practices. Pediatrics 2002; 110;e42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maayan-Metzger A, Linder N, Marom D, Vishne T, Ashkenazi S, Sirota L. Clinical and laboratory impact of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacter- aemia in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:690–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatib R. Lack of predictive value of isolating coagulase-negative staphylococci from blood cultures. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson JR. Defining true bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:413–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt BK, Kirpalani HM, Corey M, Low DE, Philip AGS, Ford-Jones EL. Coagulase-negative staphylococci as true pathogens in newborn infants: a cohort study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6:1026–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourcyrous M, Bada HS, Korones SB, Baselski V, Wong SP. Significance of serial C-reactive protein responses in neonatal infection and other disorders. Pediatrics 1993; 92:431–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benitz WE, Han MY, Madan A, Ramachandra P. Serial serum C-reactive protein levels in the diagnosis of neonatal infection. Pediatrics 1998; 102: e41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger C, Uehlinger J, Ghelfi D, Blau N, Fanconi S. Comparison of C-reactive protein and white blood cell count with differential in neonates at risk for septicaemia. Eur J Pediatr 1995; 154:138–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman J, Epstein MF, Smith NE, Platt R, Sidebottom DG, Goldmann DA. Extra hospital stay and antimicrobial usage with nosocomial coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in two neonatal intensive care unit populations. Am J Dis Child 1990; 144:324–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karlowicz MG, Buescher ES, Surka AE. Fulminant late-onset sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit, 1988–1997, and the impact of avoiding empiric vancomycin therapy. Pediatrics 2000; 106:1387–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krediet TG, Jones ME, Gerards LJ, Fleer A. Clinical outcome of cephalothin versus vancomycin therapy in the treatment of coagulase-negative staphylococcal septicemia in neonates: relation to methicillin resistance and mec A gene carriage of blood isolates. Pediatrics 1999; 103: e29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar