Detection of antigenuria for diagnosis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease

References

• Saha SK, Rikitomi N, Ruhulamin M, et al. The increasing burden of disease in Bangladeshi children due to Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. Ann Trop Paediatr 1997; 17:5–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau YL, Low LC, Yung R, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in children hospitalized in Hong Kong, 1986–1990. Hong Kong Hib study group. Acta Paediatr 1995; 84:173–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhoff MC. Haemophilus influenzae type b infections are preventable everywhere. Lancet 1997; 349:1186–7.
   Google Scholar
• Saha SK, Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases in Bangladesh, with increased non-susceptibility to antibiotics. J Pediatr 2005; 146:227–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt JP, Levine OS, Santosham M. Global eradication of Hib disease: what are the next steps? Proceedings of the Meeting, Scottsdale, Arizona. September 22–25, 2002. J Pediatr 2003; 143: S163–87.
   Google Scholar
• Sazawal S, Black RE. Effect of pneumonia case management on mortality in neonates, infants and preschool children: a meta-analysis of community based trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:547–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washington JA 2nd, Ilstrup DM. Blood cultures: issues and controversies. Rev Infect Dis 1986; 8:792–802.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. Expert Review of a Tool for Rapidly Assessing Hib Disease Burden. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Feikin DR, Nelson CB, Watt JP, Mohsni E, Wenger JD, Levine OS. Rapid assessment tool for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1270–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine OS, Lagos RL, Munoz A, et al. Defining the burden of pneumonia in children preventable by vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:1060–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessner BD, Sutanto A, Linehan M, et al. Incidences of vaccine-preventable Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia and meningitis in Indonesian children: hamlet-randomised vaccineprobe trial. Lancet 2005; 365:43–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shann F. Bacterial pneumonia: commoner than perceived. Lancet 2001; 357:2070–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banish M. The Bangladesh drug policy: the next step: using good drugs goodly. Bangladesh J Child Health 1992; 11:63–72.
   Google Scholar
• Tram TT, Thinh LQ, Tuet T, Tuong NN, Federsen FK, Schlumberger M. The aetiology of bacterial pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis 1998; 17:S192–4.
   Google Scholar
• Witt CS, Montgomery JM, Pomat W, Lehmann, Alpers MP. Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens in the serum and urine of patients with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea: comparison of latex agglutination and counter immunoelectrophoresis. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12 (suppl 8):S1001–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adegbola RA, Leach A, Mulholland K, et al. Antigenuria in Gambian infants following immunization with a Haemophilus influenzae type b poly- ribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid protein conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 32:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell R, Mather F, Siber G, Rosenberg G, Daum R. Value of antigen quantitation in Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. J Pediatr 1984; 104:23–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Technical Bases for the WHO Recommendations on the Management of Pneumonia in Children at First-Level Health Facilities. Geneva: WHO, 1993; WHO/ARI/ 91.20.
   Google Scholar
• Cheesbrough M. Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries, vol 2. London: Tropical Health Technology & Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985; 277–80.
   Google Scholar
• Shann F. Aetiology of severe pneumonia in children in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1986; 5:247–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacs D. Problems in determining the aetiology of community acquired childhood pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8:143–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuori-Holopainen E, Peltola H. Reappraisal of lung tap: review of an old method for better etiologic diagnosis of childhood pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:715–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulholland EK. Use of vaccine trials to estimate burden of disease. J Health Popul Nutr 2004; 22:257–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coblentz CL, Norman G. Clinical history and accurate interpretation of chest radiographs. Am J Roentgenol 1991; 156:197–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden BT, Frenkel LD. More laboratory testing: greater cost but not necessarily better. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:290–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goepp J, Hohenboken M, Hill J, Santosham M. Persistent urinary antigen excretion in infants vaccinated with H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated with outer membrane protein from Neisseria meningitidisiPediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11:6–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rothstein EP, Madore DV, Girone JA, et al. Comparison of antigenuria after immunization with three Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10:311–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RG, Bass JW, Weisse ME, Vincent JM. Antigenuria after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae oligosaccharide CRM197 conjugate (HbOC) vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10:557–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg GA, Storch GA. Preparation of urine samples for use in commercial latex agglutination tests for bacterial antigens. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21:899–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes AA, Camargos PAM, Costa PR, Campos MTK. Antigen detection for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 38:1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar