Neuroprotective effect of oral choline administration after global brain ischemia in rats

References

• Elliott VJ, Rodgers DL, Brett SJ. Systematic review of quality of life and other patient-centred outcomes after cardiac arrest survival. Resuscitation 2011;82(3):247–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito U, Spatz M, Walker JT, Klatzo I. Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Acta Neuropathol 1975;32(3):209–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirino T. Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia. Brain Res 1982;239(1):57–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petito CK, Feldmann E, Pulsinelli WA, Plum F. Delayed hippocampal damage in humans following cardiorespiratory arrest. Neurology 1987;37(8):1281–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB, Plum F. Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia. Ann Neurol 1982;11(5):491–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glade MJ. Workshop on folate, B12, and choline: sponsored by the panel on folate and other B vitamins of the standing committee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes, food and nutrition board. Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C., march 3–4, 1997. Nutrition 1999;15(1):92–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Repetto MG, Ossani G, Monserrat AJ, Boveris A. Oxidative damage: the biochemical mechanism of cellular injury and necrosis in choline deficiency. Exp Mol Pathol 2010;88(1):143–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes-McNary MQ, Loy R, Mar MH, Albright CD, Zeisel SH. Apoptosis is induced by choline deficiency in fetal brain and in PC12 cells. Dev Brain Res 1997;101(1–2):9–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lodish H, Berk A, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Bretscher A, et al. Biomembrane structure. In: Lodish H, (ed.) Mol Cell Biol. 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• White BC, Sullivan JM, DeGracia DJ, O'Neil BJ, Neumar RW, Grossman LI, et al. Brain ischemia and reperfusion: molecular mechanisms of neuronal injury. J Neurol Sci 2000;179(1–2):1–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuwashima J, Nakamura K, Fujitani B, Kadokawa T, Yoshida K, Shimizu M. Relationship between cerebral energy failure and free fatty-acid accumulation following prolonged brain ischemia. Jpn J Pharmacol 1978;28(2):277–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klein J. Membrane breakdown in acute and chronic neurodegeneration: focus on choline-containing phospholipids. J Neural Transm 2000;107(8):1027–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaszewski B, Thomas RG, Chapell FM, Armitage PA, Carpenter TK, Lymer GK, et al. Brain choline concentration. Early quantitative marker of ischemia and infarct expansion? Neurology 2010;75:850–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Harrison-Shostak DC, Wang XF, Nieminen AL, Lemasters JJ, Herman B. Role of phospholipid catabolism in hypoxic and ischemic injury. In: Gross RW, (ed.) Advances in lipobiology. Greenwich: JAI Press; 1997. p. 167–94.
   Google Scholar
• Kakihana M, Yamazaki N, Nagaoka A. Effects of Idebenone (Cv-2619) on the concentrations of acetylcholine and choline in various brain-regions of rats with cerebral-ischemia. Jap J Pharmacol 1984;36(3):357–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF, Dempsey RJ. Lipids and lipidomics in brain injury and diseases. Aaps J 2006;8(2):E314–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coimbra C, Drake M, Boris-Moller F, Wieloch T. Long-lasting neuroprotective effect of postischemic hypothermia and treatment with an anti-inflammatory/antipyretic drug. Evidence for chronic encephalopathic processes following ischemia. Stroke 1996;27(9):1578–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinigaglia C, Cavalheiro EA, Coimbra CG. Postischemic hyperthermia induces Alzheimer-like pathology in the rat brain. Acta Neuropathol 2002;103(5):444–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith ML, Bendek G, Dahlgren N, Rosen I, Wieloch T, Siesjo BK. Models for studying long-term recovery following forebrain ischemia in the rat .2. A 2-Vessel Occlusion Model. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;69(6):385–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auer RN, Olsson Y, Siesjö BK. Hypoglycemic brain injury in the rat. Correlation of density of brain damage with the EEG isoelectric time: a quantitative study. Diabetes 1984;33(11):1090–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. 4th ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Penry JT, Manore MM. Choline: an important micronutrient for maximal endurance-exercise performance? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2008;18(2):191–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeisel SH. Choline: an essential nutrient for humans. Nutrition 2000;16(7–8):669–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeisel SH, Holmes-McNary MQ, Choline. In: Rucker R, Suttie JW, McCormick DM, Machlin LJ, (eds.) Handbook of vitamins. 3rd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 2001. p. 513–27.
   Google Scholar
• Zeisel SH, Niculescu MD. Perinatal choline influences brain structure and function. Nutr Rev 2006;64(4):197–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeisel SH. The fetal origins of memory: the role of dietary choline in optimal brain development. J Pediatr 2006;149(5):S131–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong-Goodrich SJE, Mellott TJ, Glenn MJ, Blusztajn JK, Williams CL. Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates neuropathological response to status epilepticus in the adult rat hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2008;30(2):255–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Liu Z, Cermak JM, Tandon P, Sarkisian MR, Stafstrom CE, et al. Protective effects of prenatal choline supplementation on seizure-induced memory impairment. J Neurosc 2000;20(22):RC109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montoya DAC, White AM, Williams CL, Blusztajn JK, Meck WH, Swartzwelder HS. Prenatal choline exposure alters hippocampal responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation in adulthood. Dev Brain Res 2000;123(1):25–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreno HC, de Brugada I, Carias D, Gallo M. Long-lasting effects of prenatal dietary choline availability on object recognition memory ability in adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013;16(6):269–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wainwright PE, Lomanowska AM, McCutcheon D, Park EJ, Clandinin MT, Ramanujam KS. Postnatal dietary supplementation with either gangliosides or choline: effects on spatial short-term memory in artificially-reared rats. Nutr Neurosci 2007;10(1–2):67–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White BC, Grossman LI, ONeil BJ, DeGracia DJ, Neumar RW, Rafols JA, et al. Global brain ischemia and reperfusion. Ann Emerg Med 1996;27(5):588–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF. Phospholipase A2, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in cerebral ischemia. Free Radical Bio Med 2006;40(3):376–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurtman RJ, Cansev M, Ulus IH. Choline and Its Products Acetylcholine and Phosphatidylcholine. In: Lajtha A, Tettamanti G, Goracci G, (eds) Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology. USA: Springer; 2010. p. 443–501.
   Google Scholar
• Zeisel SH. Dietary choline: biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology. Ann Rev Nutr 1981;1:95–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blusztajn JK, Zeisel SH, Wurtman RJ. Synthesis of lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) from phosphatidylethanolamine in bovine brain. Brain Res 1979;179(2):319–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blusztajn JK, Wurtman RJ. Choline biosynthesis by a preparation enriched in synaptosomes from rat brain. Nature 1981;290(5805):417–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews FT, Hirata F, Axelrod J. Identification and properties of methyltransferases that synthesize phosphatidylcholine in rat-brain synaptosomes. J Neurochem 1980;34(6):1491–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardridge WM, Cornford EM, Braun LD, Oldendorf WH. Transport of choline and choline analogs through the blood-brain barrier. In: Barbeau A, Growdon J, Wurtman RJ, (eds.) Nutrition and the brain. New York: Raven Press; 1979. p. 25–34.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen EL, Wurtman RJ. Brain acetylcholine – control by dietary choline. Science 1976;191(4227):561–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millington WR, Wurtman RJ. Choline administration elevates brain phosphorylcholine concentrations. J Neurochem 1982;38(6):1748–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy EP, Weiss SB. Function of cytidine coenzymes in the biosynthesis of phospholipides. J Biol Chem 1956;222(1):S193–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davalos A, Secades J. Citicoline preclinical and clinical ppdate 2009-2010. Stroke 2011;42(1):36–9.
   Google Scholar
• Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF, Dempsey RJ. Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2002;80(1):12–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez G.-coviella I, Agut J, Von Borstel R, Wurtman RJ. Metabolism of cytidine (5′)-diphosphocholine (cdp-choline) following oral and intravenous administration to the human and the rat. Neurochem Int 1987;11(3):293–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieb P, Gadamski R, Wojda R, Janisz M. CDP-choline, but not cytidine, protects hippocampal CA1 neurones in the gerbil following transient forebrain ischaemia. Folia Neuropathol 2001;39(3):5.
   Google Scholar
• Meck WH, Williams CL, Cermak JM, Blusztajn JK. Developmental periods of choline sensitivity provide an ontogenetic mechanism for regulating memory capacity and age-related dementia. Front Integr Neurosc 2008;1:7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandstrom NJ, Loy R, Williams CL. Prenatal choline supplementation increases NGF levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of young and adult rats. Brain Res 2002;947(1):9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mielke JG, Ahuja TK, Comas T, Mealing GAR. Choline-mediated depression of hippocampal synaptic transmission. Nutr Neurosci 2011;14(5):186–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guseva MV, Hopkins DM, Scheff SW, Pauly JR. Dietary choline supplementation improves behavioral, histological, and neurochemical outcomes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotraum 2008;25(8):975–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, Amella CA, Tanovic M, Susarla S, et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha)7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 2003;421(6921):384–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbourne F, Sutherland GR, Auer RN. Electron microscopic evidence against apoptosis as the mechanism of neuronal death in global ischemia. J Neurosc 1999, 1999;19(11):4200–10.
   Google Scholar
• Winkelmann ER, Charcansky A, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Netto CA, Achaval M. An ultrastructural analysis of cellular death in the CA1 field in the rat hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia followed by 2, 4 and 10 days of reperfusion. Anat Embryol 2006;211(5):423–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cansev M, Yilmaz MS, Ilcol YO, Hamurtekin E, Ulus IH. Cardiovascular effects of CDP-choline and its metabolites: involvement of peripheral autonomic nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;577(1–3):129–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unal CB, Demiral Y, Ulus IH. The effects of choline on body temperature in conscious rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;363(2–3):121–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ, Koeth R, Levison BS, DuGar B, et al. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 2011;472(7341):57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy M, Sapolsky R. Neuronal apoptosis in acute necrotic insults: why is this subject such a mess? Trends Neurosci 1999;22(10):419–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar