References
- Kalmijn S, van Boxtel MP, Ocké M, Verschuren WM, Kromhout D, Launer LJ. Dietary intake of fatty acids and fish in relation to cognitive performance at middle age. Neurology. 2004;62:275–80.
- Wu CW, Liao PC, Lin C, Kuo CJ, Chen ST, Chen HI, . Brain region-dependent increases in beta-amyloid and apolipoprotein E levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Neural Transm. 2003;110:641–9.
- Shie FS, Jin LW, Cook DG, Leverenz JB, LeBoeuf RC. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia enhances brain A beta accumulation in transgenic mice. Neuroreport. 2002;13:455–9.
- Jarvik GP, Wijsman EM, Kukull WA, Schellenberg GD, Yu C, Larson EB. Interactions of apolipoprotein E genotype, total cholesterol level, age, and sex in prediction of Alzheimer’s disease: a case-control study. Neurology. 1995;45:1092–6.
- Sparks DL. Coronary artery disease, hypertension, ApoE, and cholesterol: a link to Alzheimer’s disease? Ann NY Acad Sci. 1997;826:128–46.
- Kivipelto M, Helkala E-L, Hanninen T, Laakso MP, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, . Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study. Neurology. 2001;56:1683–9.
- van Exel E, de Craen AJM, Gussekloo J, Houx P, Bootsma-van der Wiel A, Macfarlane PW, . Association between high density lipoprotein and cognitive impairment in the oldest old. Ann Neurol. 2002;51:716–21.
- Frears ER, Stephens DJ, Walters CE, Davies H, Austen BM. The role of cholesterol in the biosynthesis of beta-amyloid. Neuroreport. 1999;10:1699–705.
- Yaffe K, Barrett-Connor E, Lin F, Grady D. Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch Neurol. 2002;59(3):378–84.
- Singh-Manoux A, Gimeno D, Kivimaki M, Brunner E, Marmot MG. Low HDL cholesterol is a risk factor for deficit and decline in memory in midlife: the Whitehall II study. Arterioscler Throm Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1556–62.
- Elias PK, Elias MF, D'Agostino RB, Sullivan LM, Wolf PA. Serum cholesterol and cognitive performance in the Framingham Heart Study. Psychosom Med. 2005;67:24–30.
- Crouch MA. Effective use of statins to prevent coronary heart disease. Am Fam Physician. 2001;63:309–20.
- van Vliet P. van de Water W, de Craen AJ, Westendorp RG. The influence of age on the association between cholesterol and cognitive function. Exp Gerontol. 2009;44:112–22.
- Carlsson CM, Gleason CE, Hess TM, Moreland KA, Blazel HM, Koscik RL, . Effects of simvastatin on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008;13:187–97.
- Goveas JS, Espeland MA, Woods NF, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kotchen JM. Depressive symptoms and incidence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in elderly women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:57–66.
- Savaskan E. The emotional memory in the elderly and depression. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2010;99:1565–8.
- Mandas A, Congiu MG, Balestrieri C, . Nutritional status and oxidative stress in an elderly Sardinian population. Med J Nutrition Metab. 2008;1:99–107
- Pani A, Mandas A, Diaz G, Abete C, Cocco PL, Angius F, . Accumulation of neutral lipids in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a distinctive trait of Alzheimer patients and asymptomatic subjects at risk of disease. BMC Med. 2009;7:66.
- Bucks RS, Ashworth DL, Wilcock GK, Siegfried K. Assessment of activities of daily living in dementia: development of the Bristol activities of daily living scale. Age Ageing. 1996;25:113–20.
- Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people; self-maintaining and instrumental activity of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9:179–86.
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHigh PR. Mini mental state: a pratical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psych Res. 1975;12:189–98.
- Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, . Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1983;17:37–49.
- Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;119–26.
- Reuben DB, Siu AL. An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients. The Physical Performance Test. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:1105–12.
- Guigoz Y, Vellas B, Garry PJ, . Mini nutritional assessment: a practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Facts Res Gerontol 1994; 4: 15–59.
- Greenacre MJ. Correspondence analysis in practice, 2nd edn. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2007.
- McCullagh P, Nelder JA. Generalized linear models, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 1989.
- Pappolla MA, Bryant-Thomas TK, Herbert D, Pacheco J, Fabra Garcia M, Manjon M, . Mild hypercholesterolemia is an early risk factor for the development of Alzheimer amyloid pathology. Neurology. 2003;61:199–205.
- Zambón D, Quintana M, Mata P, Alonso R, Benavent J, Cruz-Sánchez F, . Higher incidence of mild cognitive impairment in familial hypercholesterolemia. Am J Med. 2010;123:267–74.
- Reitz C. Dyslipidemia and dementia: current epidemiology, genetic evidence and mechanisms behind the associations. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30:S127–45.
- Shepardson NE, Shankar GM, Selkoe DJ. Cholesterol level and statin use in Alzheimer disease: II. Review of human trials and recommendations. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:1385–92.
- Rojas-Fernandez CH, Cameron JC. Is statin-associated cognitive impairment clinically relevant? A narrative review and clinical recommendations. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46:549–57.
- Schachter M. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2005;19:117–25.
- Wood WG, Eckert GP, Igbavboa U, Müller WE. Statins and neuroprotection: a prescription to move the field forward. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1199:69–76.
- Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7–22.
- Thelen KM, Rentsch KM, Gutteck U, Heverin M, Olin M, Andersson U, . Brain cholesterol synthesis in mice is affected by high dose of simvastatin but not of pravastatin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316:1146–52.
- Johnson-Anuna LN, Eckert GP, Keller JH, Igbavboa U, Franke C, Fechner T, . Chronic administration of statins alters multiple gene expression patterns in mouse cerebral cortex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;312:786–93.
- Anchisi L, Dessì S, Pani A, . Neutral lipid determination in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a useful tool for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in dementia. J Mol Biomarkers Diagn. 2012;3:6.
- Anchisi L, Dessì S, Pani A, Mandas A. Cholesterol homeostasis: a key to prevent or slow down neurodegeneration. Front Physiol. 2013;3:486.
- Dietschy JM, Turley SD. Cholesterol metabolism in the brain. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2001;12:105–12.
- Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. Cholesterol homeostasis failure as a unifying cause of synaptic degeneration. J Neurol Sci. 2005;15:233–40.
- Lütjohann D, von Bergmann K. 24S-hydroxycholesterol: a marker of brain cholesterol metabolism. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003;36:S102–6.