Elevated plasma S100B levels in high altitude hypobaric hypoxia do not correlate with acute mountain sickness

References

• Wilson MH, Newman S, Imray CH. The cerebral effects of ascent to high altitudes. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:175–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt KA. Effects of hypoxia-reoygenation on rat blood – brain barrier permeability and tight junctional protein expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;6:H2820–31.
   Google Scholar
• Yeh WL, Lu DY, Lin CJ, Liou HC, Fu WM. Inhibition of hypoxia-induced increase of blood – brain barrier permeability by YC-1 through the antagonism of HIF-1alpha accumulation and VEGF expression. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;72:440–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorward DA, Thompson AA, Ballie JK, MacDougall M, Hirani N. Change in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor during onset and recovery from acute mountain sickness. Respir Med. 2007;101:587–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey DM, Roukens R, Knauth M, Kallenberg K, Christ S, Mohr A, et al. Free radical-mediated damage to barrier function is not associated with altered brain morphology in high-altitude headache. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2006;26:99–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallenberg K, Bailey DM, Christ S, Mohr A, Roukens R, Menold E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of cytotoxic cerebral oedema in acute mountain sickness. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007;27:1064–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoonman GG, Sandor PS, Nirkko AC, Lange T, Jaermann T, Dydak U, et al. Hypoxia-induced acute mountain sickness is associated with intracellular cerebral oedema: a 3T magnetic resonance study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28:198–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mairer K, Gobel M, Defrancesco M, Wille M, Messner H, Loizides A, et al. MRI evidence: acute mountain sickness is not associated with cerebral edema formation during simulated high altitude. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50334.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaudeux J, Dequen L, Foglietti M. Pathophysiologic aspects of S100 beta protein: a new biological marker of brain pathology. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1999;57:261–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kanner AA, Marchi N, Fazio V, Mayberg MR, Koltz MT, Siomin V, et al. Serum S100beta: a noninvasive marker of blood-brain barrier function and brain lesions. Cancer. 2003;97:2806–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapural M, Krizanac-Bengez L, Barnett G, Perl J, Masaryk T, Apollo D, et al. Serum S-100beta as a possible marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. Brain Res. 2002;940:102–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth BJ, Farhavar A, Gee C, Hawthorn B, He H, Nayak A, et al. Validation of serum markers for blood-brain barrier disruption in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2009;26:1497–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjursten H, Ederoth P, Sigurdsson E, Gottfredsson M, Syk I, Einarsson O, et al. S100B profiles and cognitive function at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 2010;11:31–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roach RC, Bartsch P, Oelz O, Hackett P. The Lake Louise acute mountain sickness scoring system. In: Sutton JR, Houston CS, Coates G, editors. Hypoxia and molecular medicine. Burlington, VT: Queen City Press; 1993. p. 272–4.
   Google Scholar
• Wiesmann M, Missler U, Gottmann D, Gehring S. Plasma S100B protein concentration in healthy adults is age- and sex-independent. Clin Chem. 1998;44:1056–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki K, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Ogawa Y, Hansen LH, Levine BD. Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation at extreme high altitude even after acclimatization. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011;31:283–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braga CW, Martinez D, Wofchuk S, Portela LV, Souza DO. S100B and NSE serum levels in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Sleep Med. 2006;7:431–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yardan T, Cevik Y, Donderici O, Kavalci C, Yilmaz FM, Yilmaz G, et al. Elevated serum S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase levels in carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27:838–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttner T, Weyers S, Postert T, Sprengelmeyer R, Kuhn W. S100 protein: serum marker of focal brain damage after ischaemic territorial MCA infarction. Stroke. 1997;28:1961–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey DM, Evans KA, James PE, McEneny J, Young IS, Fall L, et al. Altered free radical metabolism in acute mountain sickness: implications for dynamic cerebral autoregulation and blood-brain barrier function. J Physiol. 2009;15:73–85.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey DM, Taudorf S, Berg RM, Lundby C, McEneny J, Young IS, et al. Increased cerebral output of free radicals during hypoxia: implications for acute mountain sickness? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009;297(5):283–92.
   Google Scholar
• Thelin EP, Johannesson LK, Nelson DW, Bellander BM. S100B is an important predictor in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30(7):519–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routsi C, Stamataki E, Nanas S, Psachoulia C, Stathopoulos A, Koroneos A, et al. Increased levels of serum S100B in critically ill patients without brain injury. Shock. 2006;26:20–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleindienst A, Bullock RR. A critical analysis of the role of the neurotrophic protein S100B in acute brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23:1185–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiber H, Peter JB. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: disease-related data patterns and evaluation programs. J Neurol Sci. 2001;184:101–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto M, Holthusen S, Bahn E, Söhnchen N, Wiltfang J, Geese R, et al. Boxing and running lead to a rise in serum levels of S100B protein. Int J Sports Med. 2000;21:551–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackett PH, Roach RC. High-altitude illness. N Eng J Med. 2001;345:107–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner J, Bogerts B, Schroeter ML, Bernstein HG. S100B protein in neurodegenerative disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;49:403–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townend W, Dibble C, Abid K, Vail A, Sherwood R, Lecky F. Rapid elimination of protein S-100B from serum after minor head trauma. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23:149–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tramontina F, Tramontina AC, Souza DF, Leite MC, Gottfried C, Souza DO, et al. Glutamate uptake is stimulated by extracellular S100B in hippocampal astrocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006;26:81–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi R, Adami C, Giambanco I, Donato R. S100B binding to RAGE in microglia simulates COX-2 expression. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;81:108–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleindienst A, McGinn MJ, Harvey HB, Colello RJ, Hamm RJ, Bullock MR. Enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis by intraventricular S100B infusion is associated with improved cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2005;22:645–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorci G, Bianchi R, Riuzzi F, Tubaro C, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, et al. S100B protein, a damage-associated molecular pattern protein in the brain and heart, and beyond. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2010;2010. pii: 656481.
   Google Scholar
• Pichiule P, Chavez JC, Schmidt AM, Vannucci SJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates neuronal expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products following hypoxia/ischaemia. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:36330–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villarreal A, Aviles-Reyes RX, Angelo MF, Reines AG, Ramos AJ. S100B alters neuronal survival and dendrite extension via RAGE-mediated NF-kB signalling. J Neurochem. 2011;117:321–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar