763
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Materials Perspective

A review of advances in processing and metallurgy of titanium alloys

Pages 881-887 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • H. M. Flower: `Microstructural development in relation to hot working of titanium alloys', Mater. Sci Technol, 1990, 6, 102–1092.
  • R. R. Boyer and R. D. Briggs: ‘Presentation—the Boeing 7E7: an update’, Proc. 16th Conf. on ‘Advanced aerospace materials and processes’, Orlando, FL, USA, June 2005, ASM.
  • J. Gambogi: ‘Mineral commodity summaries’, US Geological Survey, January 2006, available at: minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/ pubs/commodity/titanium/tidiomcs06.pdf
  • E. H. Kraft: ‘Summary of emerging titanium cost reduction technologies’, EHK Technologies, Report ORNL/Subcontract 4000023964, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, 2004.
  • S. P. Fox and G. Terlinde: ‘Titanium production technology: recent advances and future needs’, ‘Ti-2003 science and technology’, Vol. 1, 81-94; 2004, Hamburg, Germany, Wiley-VCH.
  • Y. Kosaka, S. P. Fox, K. Faller and S. H. Reichman: ‘Development of low cost titanium alloys sheets for automotive exhaust applications’, Proc. Symp. on ‘Cost-affordable titanium’, (ed. F. H. Froes, M. A. Imam and D. Fray), 69-76; 2004, Charlotte, NC, March 2004, TMS.
  • W. J. Kroll: ‘Production of ductile titanium’, Trans. Am. Electrochem. Soc., 1940, 78, 47.
  • A. D. McQuillan and M. K. McQuillan: ‘Titanium’, 5; 1956, London, Butterworths Scientific.
  • I. Barin: `Thermochemical data of pure substances'; 1993, Weinheim, Germany, VCH Verlags Gesellschaft.
  • J. L. Murray (ed.): ‘Phase diagrams of binary titanium alloys’, 211; 1987, Metals Park, OH, ASM International.
  • W.-E. Wang and Y. S. Kim: ‘A thermodynamic evaluation of the titanium-oxygen system from 0/Ti= 0 to 3/2’, J. Nucl. Mater., 1999, 270, 242.
  • Available at: www.itponline.com
  • J. Withers: Personal communication, 2006.
  • G. D. Rigby, I. P. Ratchev, R. I. Olivares, K. Mukunthan, S. A. Bliznyukov and A. A. Shook: PolarTM titanium — development of the BHP Billiton titanium metal production process', Proc. 21st Conf. Titanium 2005, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, September 2005, International Titanium Association, on CD.
  • N. A. Fried and D. R. Sadoway: ‘Titanium extraction by molten oxide electrolysis’, Proc. TMS Annual Meet., Charlotte, NC, USA, March 2004, TMS, on CD.
  • F. H. Froes: Personal communication, 2006.
  • J. C. Withers and R. O. Loutfy: ‘A new novel process to produce titanium’, Proc. 19th Annual Conf., Monterey, CA, USA, October 2003, International Titanium Association, on CD.
  • H. Zhu, S. Jiao and X. Hu: ‘Titanium production through electrolysis of consuming TiCx0y anode’, JOM, 2005, 57, (11), 241.
  • D. A. Wenz, I. Johnson and R. D. Wolson: ‘CaC12-rich region of the CaC12-CaF2-CaO system’, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 250.
  • R. O. Suzuki, K. Teranuma and K. Ono: ‘Calciothermic reduction of titanium oxide and in-situ electrolysis in molten CaC12’, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2003, 34B, 287.
  • K. Dring, R. Dashwood and D. Inman: `Voltammetry of titanium dioxide in molten calcium chloride at 900°C', J. Electrochem. Soc., 2005, 152, (3), E104.
  • D. J. Fray, T. W. Farthing and Z. Chen: ‘Removal of oxygen from metal oxides and solid solutions by electrolysis in a fused salt’, world patent W099/64638, 2000.
  • R . 0. Suzuki and S. Inoue: ‘Calciothermic reduction of titanium oxide in molten CaC12’, Metall Mater. Trans. B, 2003, 34B, 277.
  • R. Dashwood, M. Jackson and K. Dring: ‘Electrolytic production of near net shape titanium components’, Contract N68171-01-C-9018, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA, 2005.
  • K. Dring, R. Bhagat, M. Jackson and R. Dashwood: ‘Direct electrochemical production of Ti-10W alloys from mixed oxide precursors’, J. Alloy. Compd, to be published.
  • Unpublished results, High Temperature Electrochemistry Group, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2005.
  • P. J. Nieschwitz and C. Meybohm: ‘Hydraulically driven radial forging machine for flexible forging of small batch sizes’, Stahl un Eisen, 1990, 11, 101–108.
  • A. F. Wilson: Personal communication, 2006.
  • S. L. Semiatin, V. Seetharaman and I. Weiss: ‘Hot workability of titanium and titanium aluminide alloys — an overview’, Mater. Sci Eng. A, 1998, 243A, 1.
  • S. L. Semiatin, V. Seetharaman and I. Weiss: ‘The thermomecha-nical processing of cd# titanium alloys’, J. Metals, 1997, (6), 33.
  • J. W. Brooks: ‘Keynote — modelling structural development in the manufacture of titanium alloys’, Proc. Conf. on ‘Titanium alloys at elevated temperature: structural development and service beha-viour’, (ed. M. R. Winstone), 17-28; 2000, Birmingham, IOM Communications, .
  • A. F. Wilson, V. Venkatesh, R. Pather, J. W. Brooks and S. P. Fox: ‘The prediction of microstructural development during TIMETAL® 6-4 billet manufacture’, in `Ti2003 science and technology', Vol. 1, 321-328; 2004, Hamburg, Germany, Wiley-VCH.
  • M. Jackson, R. J. Dashwood, L. Christodoulou and H. M. Flower: ‘The microstructural evolution of near beta alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1 during subtransus forging’, Mater. Trans. A, 2005, 36A, 1317–27.
  • M. Jackson, R. J. Dashwood, L. Christodoulou and H. M. Flower: ‘Application of novel technique to examine thermomechanical processing of near beta alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1’, Mater. Sci Technol, 2000, 16, (11-12), 1437–1444.
  • J. C. Fanning: ‘Properties of TIMETAL 555 (Ti-5A1-5Mo-5V-3Cr-0.6Fe)’, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2005, 14, (6), 788-791(4).
  • M. Harper, R. Williams, G. B. Viswanathan, J. Tiley, R. Banerjee, D. J. Evans and H. L. Fraser: ‘The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of Ti5A1-5Mo-5V-3Cr—lFe (Ti 555)’, in ‘Ti-2003 science and technology’, Vol. 3, 1559-1566; 2004, Hamburg, Germany, Wiley-VCH.
  • R. Boyer, G. Welsch and E. W. Collings (eds.): ‘Materials properties handbook: titanium alloys’: 1990, Materials Park, OH, ASM.
  • L. Zhou: ‘The present situation and the future of titanium in China’, in ‘Ti-2003 science and technology’, Vol. 3, 59-68; 2004, Hamburg, Germany, Wiley-VCH.
  • T. Saito, T. Furuta, J.-H. Hwang, S. Kuramoto, K. Nishino, N. Suzuki, R. Chen, A. Yamada, Y. Seno, T. Nonaka, H. Ikehata, N. Nagasako, C. Iwamoto, Y. Ikuhara and T. Sakuma: ‘Multifuntional alloys obtained via a dislocation-free plastic deformation mechanism’, Science, 2003, 300, 464.
  • S. G. Wax, G. M. Fischer and R. R. Sands: ‘The past, present, and future of DARPA's investment strategy in smart materials’, JOM, 2003, 55, (12), 17–23.
  • R. Desroches and B. Smith: ‘Shape memory alloys in seismic resistant design and retrofit: a critical review of their potential and limitations’, J. Earthquake Eng., 2004, 8, (3), 415–429.
  • M. Niinomi and J. C. Williams: ‘Properties and applications of Ti: current status and future needs’, ‘Ti-2003 science and technology’, Vol. 3, 95-110; 2004, Hamburg, Wiley-VCH.
  • H. Ikehata, N. Nagasako, T. Furuta, A. Fukumoto, K. Miwa and T. Saito: ‘First-principles calculations for development of low elastic modulus Ti alloys’, Phys. Rev. B, 70B, (17), 174113-1-174113-8.
  • J. Hwang, S. Kuramoto, T. Furuta, K. Nishino and T. Saito, ‘Phase-stability dependence of plastic deformation behaviour in Ti—Nb—Ta—Zr-0 alloys’, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2005, 14, (6), 747–754.
  • M. Frary, S. Abkowitz, S. M. Abkowitz and D. C. Dunand: ‘Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/VT and Ti-6A1-4V/ W composites fabricated by powder-metallurgy’, Mater. Sci Eng. A, 2003, 344A, 103.
  • S. G. Steinemann: ‘Corrosion of titanium and titanium alloys for surgical implants’, `Titanium'84 science and technology', Vol. 2, 1373; 1985, Munich, Germany, Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Metallkunde EV.
  • D. J. Fray and G. Z. Chen: ‘Reduction of titanium and other metal oxides using electrodeoxidation’, Mater. Sci Technol, 2004, 20, 295.
  • Available at www.metalysis.com/markets.htm

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.