Austenite–ferrite transformation in enhanced niobium, low carbon steel

References

• Gladman T: ‘The physical metallurgy of microalloyed steels’; 1996, London, IOM Communications.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison WB: ‘Microalloy steels – the beginning’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2009, 25, 1066–1073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray JM: ‘Effect of niobium (columbium) on transformation and precipitation processes in high strength low alloy steels’, in ‘Heat treatment ’73’, 19–28; 1973, London, Metals Society.
   Google Scholar
• Rönn L: Niobs inverkan på TTT-diagrammet av ett mjukt stå l, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• de Kazinczy F, Axn’as A and Pachleitner P: ‘Some properties of niobium–treated mild steel’, J. Annaler, 1963, 147, 408–433.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher GL and Geils RH: ‘The effect of columbium on the alpha-gamma transformation in a low alloy Ni-Cu steel’, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 1969, 245, 2405–2412.
   Google Scholar
• Gray JM: ‘Metallurgy of high-strength low-alloy pipeline steels: present and future possibilities’, Technical Report 7201, Molycorp, 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka T: ‘Controlled rolling of steel plate and strip’, Int. Met. Rev., 1981, 4, 185–212.
   Google Scholar
• Eldis GT and Hagel WC: ‘Effects of microalloying on the hardenability of steels’, in ‘Hardenability concepts with applications to steel’, (ed. Doane D V and Krikaldy J S), 397–415; 1977, Warrendale, PA, TMS-AIME.
   Google Scholar
• Rios PR and Honeycombe RWK: ‘Effect of niobium on decomposition of austenite in 0·2C-10Cr steel’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992, 8, 1057–1062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okaguchi S, Hashimoto T and Ohtani H: ‘Effect of niobium, vanadium and titanium on transformation behavior of hsla steel in accelerated cooling’, in ‘Physical metallurgy of thermomechanical processing of steels and other metals’, Vol. 1, 330–336; 1988, Tokyo, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Fossaert C, Rees G, Maurickx T and Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘The effect of niobium on the hardenability of microalloyed austenite’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, 26A, 21–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Parker S, Rose A, West G and Thomson R: ‘Effect of niobium on transformations from austenite to ferrite in low carbon steels’, Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on ‘High strength low alloy steels’, Beijing, China, May–June 2011, The Chinese Society for Metals, 208–212.
   Google Scholar
• Pereloma EV, Timokhina IB and Hodgson PD: ‘Transformation behaviour in thermomechanically processed C–Mn–Si TRIP steels with and without Nb’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, A273–A275, 448–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘A thermodynamic analysis of isothermal transformation diagrams’, Met. Sci., 1982, 16, 159–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘Diffusional formation of ferrite in iron and its alloys’, Progr. Mater. Sci., 1985, 29, 321–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees GI, Perdrix J, Maurickx T and Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘The effect of niobium in solid solution on the transformation kinetics of bainite’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1995, 194, 179–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan P and Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘Mechanism and kinetics of solid-state transformation in high-temperature processed linepipe steel’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, 44A, 5468–5477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanzaki AZ, Hodgson PD and Yue S: ‘Retained austenite characteristics in thermomechanically processed Si-Mn transformation-induced plasticity steels’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, 28A, 2405–2414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Crowther DN, Green MJW, Mitchell PS and Baker TN: ‘The effect of vanadium and niobium on the properties and microstructure of the intercritically reheated coarse grained heat affected zone in low carbon microalloyed steels’, ISIJ Int., 2001, 41, 46–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeArdo AJ: ‘Fundamental metallurgy of niobium in steel’, Proc. International Symposium Niobium, 427–500; 2001, Warrendale, PA, AIME-TMS.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto S, Ouchi C and Osuka T: ‘The effect of microalloying elements on the recovery and recrystallization in deformed austenite’, in ‘Thermomechanical processing of microalloyed austenite’, (ed. DeArdo A J et al.), 613–639; 1981, Pittsburgh, PA, TMS-AIME.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkwood PR: ‘Niobium and heat-affected zone mythology’, Technical report, http://www.apia.net.au/, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Felfer PJ, Killmore CR, Williams JG, Carpenter KR, Ringer SP and Cairney JM: ‘A quantitative atom probe study of the Nb excess at prior austenite grain boundaries in a Nb microalloyed strip-cast steel’, Acta Mater., 2012, 60, 5049–5055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas MH and Michal GM: ‘The influence of niobium and Nb(C,N) precipitation on the formation of proeutectoid ferrite in low alloy steels’, Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Solid–solid phase transformation’, (ed. Aaronson H I et al.), 469–473; 1981, Farmington, PA, TMS–AIME.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘Considerations of solute drag in relation to transformations in steels’, J. Mater. Sci., 1983, 18, 1473–1481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouchi C, Sampei T and Kozasu I: ‘The effect of hot rolling condition and chemical composition on the onset temperature of γ/α transformation after hot rolling’, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn, 1982, 22, 214–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enomoto M, Nojiri N and Sato Y: ‘Effects of vanadium and niobium on the nucleation kinetics of proeutectoid ferrite at austenite grain boundaries in Fe-C and Fe-C-Mn alloys’, Mater. Trans. JIM, 1994, 35, 859–867.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe K, Shimizu M, Takashima S and Kaji H: ‘Metallurgical meanings of niobium addition in the formation of acicular ferrite in low carbon steel manufactured by accelerated cooling process’, Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Physical metallurgy of thermomechanical processing of steels and other metals’, (ed. Tamura I), Vol. 1, 322–329; 1988, Tokyo, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Abe T, Tsukada K and Kozasu I: ‘Role of interrupted accelerated cooling and microalloying on weldable HSLA steels’, in ‘HSLA steels: metallurgy and applications’, (ed. Gray J M et al.), 103–111; 1985, Metals Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• Amin RK and Pickering FB: ‘Ferrite formation from thermo-mechanically processed austenite’, in ‘Thermomechanical processing of microalloyed austenite’, (ed. DeArdo A J et al.), 377–403; 1981, Pittsburgh, PA, TMS–AIME.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe H, Smith YE and Pehlke RD: ‘Precipitation kinetics of niobium carbonitride in austenite of high-strength low-alloy steels’, in ‘The hot deformation of austenite’, (ed. Ballance J B), 140–168; 1977, New York, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Yeo RBG: ‘Effects of some alloying elements on the transformation of Fe-22·5Ni wt% alloys’, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 1963, 227, 884–890.
   Google Scholar
• Tamehiro H, Nishioka K, Murata M, Habu R and Kawada Y: ‘Properties of high toughness X80 line pipe steels’, Proc. Int. Symp. on ‘Accelerated cooling of rolled steel’, 1–8; 1987, Winnipeg, Canada, Canadian Institute of Metals.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda F, Fukada Y, Okada H, Shiga C, Ikeuchi K, Horii Y, Shiwaku T and Suzuki S: ‘Review of mechanical and metallurgical investigations of martensite–austenite constituent in welded joints in Japan’, Weld. World, 1996, 37, 134–154.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson JO, Helande T, Hoglund L, Shi P and Sundman B: ‘Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, computational tools for materials science’, CALPHAD, 2002, 26, 273–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘About calculating the characteristics of the martensite-austenite constituent’, in ‘Welding of high strength pipeline steels’, 99–106; 2013, Materials Park, OH, TMS.
   Google Scholar
• Lee KJ and Lee JK: ‘Modelling of γ/α transformation in niobium containing microalloyed steels’, Scr. Mater., 1999, 40, (7), 831–836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahn JW: ‘The impurity drag effect in grain boundary motion’, Acta Metall., 1962, 10, 789–798.
   Google Scholar
• Hillert M: ‘The role of interfaces in phase transformations’, in ‘Mechanism of phase transformations in crystalline solids’, Monograph and Report Series No. 33, 231–247, London, UK, Institute of Metals, 1970.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley JR and Aaronson HI: ‘Growth kinetics of grain boundary ferrite allotriomorphs in Fe-C-X alloys’, Metall. Trans. A, 1981, 12, 1729–1741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deardo AJ, Gray JM and Meyer L: ‘Fundamental metallurgy of niobium in steel’, in ‘Niobium ’81’, (ed. Stuart H), 685–759; 1981, Warrendale, PA, TMS-AIME.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma RC, Lakshmanan VK and Kirkaldy JS: ‘Solubility of NbC and NbCN in alloyed austenite and ferrite’, Metall. Trans. A, 1984, 15, 545–553,.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalheim D: ‘The use of high temperature processing (HTP) for high strength oil and gas transmission pipeline applications’, Proc. 5th HSLA Steels Conf. Iron Steel Suppl., 2005, 40, 699–704.
   Google Scholar
• Day MJ and Austin JB: ‘Heat etching as a means of revealing austenite grain size’, Trans. ASM, 1940, 28, 354–371.
   Google Scholar
• Yang H.-S and Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘Uncertainties in the dilatometric determination of the martensite–start temperature’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2007, 23, 556–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou H and Kirkaldy JS: ‘Thermodynamic calculation and experimental verification of the carbonitride–austenite equilibrium in Ti–Nb microalloyed steels’, Metall. Trans. A, 1992, 23A, 651–657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordberg H and Aronsson B: ‘Solubility of niobium carbide in austenite’, J. Iron Steel Inst., 1968, 206, 1263–1266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NPL: MTDATA. Software, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Christian JW: ‘Theory of transformations in metals and alloys, Part I’, 3rd ed.; 2003, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jones S and Bhadeshia HKDH: ‘Kinetics of the simultaneous decomposition of austenite into several transformation products’, Acta Mater., 1997, 45, 2911–2920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillert M: ‘Role of interfacial energy during solid–state phase transformations’, J. Annaler, 1957, 141, 757–789.
   Google Scholar
• Cahn JW: ‘The kinetics of grain boundary nucleated reactions’, Acta Metall., 1956, 4, 449–459.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH, Svensson L.-E and Gretoft B: ‘Theory for allotriomorphic ferrite formation in steel weld deposits’, In, editor, in ‘Welding metallurgy of structural steels’, (ed. Koo J Y), 517–530; 1987, Warrendale, PA, TMS-AIME.
   Google Scholar
• University of Cambridge and NPL: Materials Algorithms Project, www.msm.cam.ac.uk/map/mapmain.html, 2013.
   Google Scholar