Associative memory for movement-evoked chronic back pain and its extinction with musculoskeletal physiotherapy

References

• Sackett DL. Evidence-based medicine. Spine 1998;23:1085–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Sullivan P. Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanisms. Man Ther 2005;10:242–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carragee E. Persistent low back pain. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1891–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell G. The Back Pain Revolution, 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Deyo RA, Phillips WR. Low back pain: a primary care challenge. Spine 1996;21:2826–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell G. Low back pain: a twentieth century health care enigma. Spine 1996;21:2820–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fordyce WE. Back Pain in the Workplace. Seattle, WA: IASP Press, 1995
   Google Scholar
• Hadler NM. The disabling backache. Spine 1995;20:640–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cedraschi C, Allaz AF. How to identify patients with a poor prognosis in daily clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2005;19:577–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull GA. Multifidus muscle recovery is not automatic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain. Spine 1996;21;2763–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panjabi M. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis. J Spinal Disord 1992;5:390–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Indahl A. Low back pain and ischalgia: treatments that do not work. Pain in Europe IV, Congress of EFIC, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2–6, 2003;102 <www.kenes.com/efic2003>
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald DA, Moseley GL, Hodges PW. The lumbar multifidus: does the evidence support clinical beliefs? Man Ther 2006;11:254–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira P, Ferreira M, Maher CG, et al. Specific stabilisation exercise for spinal and pelvic pain: a systematic review. Aust J Physiother 2006;52:79–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaber Moffett J, Mannion AF. What is the value of physical therapies for back pain? Best Pract Res Clinl Rheumatol 2005;19:623–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carragee E, Alamin TF, Miller JL, et al. Discographic MRI and psychosocial determinants of low back pain disability and remission: a prospective study in subjects with benign persistent back pain. Spine J 2005;5:24–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carragee E, Alamin TF, Cheng I, et al. Are first-time episodes of serious LBP associated with new MRI findings? Spine J 2006;6:624–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carragee E, Alamin TF, Cheng I, et al. Does minor trauma cause serious low back illness? Spine 2006;31:2942–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji RR, Kohno T, Moore KA, Woolf CJ. Central sensitization and LTP: do pain and memory share similar mechanisms? Trends Neurosci 2003;26:696–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treede R-D, Klein T, Magerl W. Pain memory and central sensitisation in humans. In: Flor H, Kalso E, Dostrovsky JO. (eds) Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Pain. Seattle, WA: IASP Press, 251–67
   Google Scholar
• Kim JJ, Jung MW. Neural circuits and mechanisms involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning: a critical review. Neurosci Behav Rev 2006;30:188–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein T, Magerl W, Hopf M, et al. Perceptual correlates of nociceptive long-term potentiation and long-term depression in humans. J Neurosci 2004;24:964–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maren S, Quirk GJ. Neuronal signalling of fear memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004;5:844–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delamater AR. Experimental extinction in Pavlovian conditioning: behavioural and neuroscience perspectives. Q J Exp Psychol 2004;57B:97–132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lissek S, Powers AS, McClure EB, et al. Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther 2005;43:1391–424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers KM, Davis M. Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron 2002;36:567–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeyen JWS, Crombez G. Fear of movement/(re)injury, avoidance and pain disability in chronic low back pain. Man Ther 1999;4:187–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain 2000;85:317–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolf CJ. Pain: moving from symptom control toward mechanism-specific pharmacologic management. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:441–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugebauer V, Li W, Bird GC, Han JS. The amygdala and persistent pain. Neuroscientist 2004;10:221–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugebauer V. Subcortical processing of nociceptive information: basal ganglia and amygdala. In: Cervero F, Jensen TS. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol 81. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006; 141–58
   Google Scholar
• Woolf CJ, Doubell TP. The pathophysiology of chronic pain – increased sensitivity to low threshold Ab-fibre inputs. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1994;4:525–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fanselow MS, Poulos AM. The neuroscience of mammalian associative learning. Annu Rev Psychol 2005;56:207–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisman J. Long-term potentiation: outstanding questions and attempted synthesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 2003;358:829–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maren S. Synaptic mechanisms of associative memory in the amygdala. Neuron 2005;47:783–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandkühler J. Learning and memory in pain pathways. Pain 2000;88:113–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis WD. Long-term potentiation in spinothalamic neurones. Brain Res Rev 2002;40:202–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barad M. Fear extinction in rodents: basic insight to clinical promise. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2005;15:710–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankland PW, Teixeira CM. A pain in the ACC. Mol Pain 2005;1:14 <www.molecularpain.com/content/1/1/14>
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally GP, Westbrook RF. Predicting danger: the nature, consequences, and neural mechanisms of predictive fear learning. Learn Memory 2006;13:245–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malenka RC, Bear MF. LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches. Neuron 2004;44:5–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience, Exploring the Brain, 2nd edn. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Barad M. Is extinction of fear erasure or inhibition? Why both, of course. Learn Memory 2006;13:108–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm AO, Weike AI. The neuropsychology of fear learning and fear regulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2005;57:5–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale G, Anagnostaras S, Godsil B, et al. Role of the basolateral amygdala in the storage of fear memories across the adult lifetime of rats. J Neurosci 2004;24:3810–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohman A. The role of the amygdala in human fear: automatic detection of threat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005;30:953–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps EA. Human emotion and memory: interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2004;14:189–202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeDoux JE. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2000;23:155–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues SM, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE. Molecular mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory in the lateral amygdala. Neuron 2004;44:75–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang J, Ko S, Ding H-K, et al. Pavlovian fear memory induced by activation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain 2005;1 <www.molecularpain.com/content/1/1/6>
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han JS, Fu Y, Bird GC, Neugebauer V. Enhanced group II mGluR-mediated inhibition of pain-related synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. Mol Pain 2006;2 <www.molecularpain.com/con-tent/2/1/18>
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamprecht R, Farb CR, LeDoux JE. Fear memory formation involves p190 RhoGAP and ROCK proteins through a GRB2-mediated complex. Neuron 2002;36:727–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo I, Bevilaqua LRM, Rossato JI, et al. Different molecular cascades in different sites of the brain control memory consolidation. Trends Neurosci 2006;29:496–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YY, Pittenger C, Kandel ER. A form of long-lasting learning-related synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus induced by heterosynaptic low-frequency pairing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:859–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey CH, Giustetto M, Huang Y-Y, et al. Is heterosynaptic modulation essential for stabilising Hebbian plasticity and memory? Natl Rev Neurosci 2000;1:11–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers KM, Ressler KJ, Davis M. Different mechanisms of fear extinction dependent on length of time since fear extinction. Learn Memory 2006;13:216–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman S. Joint position sense and vibration sense: anatomical organisation and assessment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:473–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh JM, Ozaktay AC, Yamashita HT, et al. Lumbar facet pain: biomechanics, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. J Biomech 1996;29:1117–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stillman BC. Making sense of proprioception. Physiotherapy 2002;88:667–76
   Google Scholar
• Price DD. Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimensions of pain. Science 2000;288:1769–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieglgänsberger W. Chronic pain: neuroplasticity in limbic structures. Pain in Europe IV, Congress of EFIC, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2003; 117 <www.kenes.com/efic2003>
   Google Scholar
• Dankaerts W, O’Sullivan PB, Straker LM, et al. The inter-examiner reliability of a classification method for non-specific chronic low back pain patients with motor control impairment. Man Ther 2006;11:28–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally GP, Lee B-W, Chiem JY, Choi EA. The midbrain periaqueductal gray and fear extinction: opioid receptor subtype and roles of cyclic AMP, protein kinase A, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Behav Neurosci 2005;119:1023–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally GP, Pigg M, Weidermann G. Opioid receptors in the midbrain periaqueductal gray regulate extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. J Neurosci 2004;24:6912–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rescorla RA. Spontaneous recovery. Learn Memory 2004;11:501–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouton ME. Context, ambiguity and unlearning: sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:976–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin C-H, Yeh S-H, Lu H-Y, et al. The similarities and diversities of signal pathways leading to consolidation of conditioning and consolidation of extinction of fear memory. J Neurosci 2003;10:8310–7
   Google Scholar
• Milad M, Quirk GJ. Neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction. Nature 2002;420:70–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally GP, Cole S. Opioid receptors in the midbrain periaqueductal gray regulate prediction errors during Pavlovian fear conditioning. Behav Neurosci 2006;120:313–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsicano G, Wotjak CT, Azad SC, et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories. Nature 2002;418:530–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond PF. Cognitive processes in extinction. Learn Memory 2004;11:495–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champion GD. Emerging influences of pain medicine on clinical reasoning. Curr Therap 2000;41:8–11
   Google Scholar
• Crombez G, Vlaeyen JWS, Heuts PHTG, et al. Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain 1999;80:329–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall PD. Interview (J McCrone): Ready for action. New Scientist 1999; July:48–51
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main C, Watson P. Guarded movements: development of chronicity. J Musculoskel Pain 1996;4:163–70
   Google Scholar
• Grotle M, Vollestad NK, Veierod MB, et al. Fear avoidance beliefs and distress in relation to disability in acute and chronic low back pain. Pain 2004;112:343–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zusman M. Mechanisms of musculoskeletal physiotherapy. Phys Ther Rev 2004;9:39–49
   Google Scholar
• Zusman M. Cognitive-behavioural components of musculoskeletal physiotherapy: the role of control. Phys Ther Rev 2005;10:89–98
   Google Scholar
• Hakim A, Grahame R. Joint hypermobility. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003;17:989–1004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlejohn GO. Clinical update on other pain syndromes. J Musculoskel Pain 1996;4:163–79
   Google Scholar
• Schaible H-G, Schmidt RF. Responses of fine medial articular nerve afferents to passive movements of knee joint. J Neurophysiol 1983;49:1118–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall NAS, Linton SJ, Main CJ. Guide to assessing psychosocial yellow flags in acute low back pain: risk factors for long-term disability and work loss. Wellington: Accident Rehabilitation & Compensation Insurance Corporation of New Zealand and the National Health Committee, 1997
   Google Scholar
• European guidelines for management of chronic low back pain, COST Action B13 <wwwbackpaineurope.org>
   Google Scholar
• Abenhaim L, Rossingnol M, Valat, et al. The role of activity in the therapeutic management of back pain – report of the International Paris Task Force on back pain. Spine 2000;25:1S–33S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flor H. The functional organization of the brain in chronic pain. Prog Brain Res 2000;129:313–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar